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2013년 3월 28일 목요일


grave

1  [greyv]  Show IPA
noun
1.
an excavation made in the earth in which to bury a dead body.
2.
any place of interment; a tomb or sepulcher: a watery grave.
3.
any place that becomes the receptacle of what is dead, lost, orpast: the grave of unfulfilled ambitions.
4.
death: O grave, where is thy victory?
5.
have one foot in the grave, to be so frail, sick, or old thatdeath appears imminent: It was a shock to see my uncle looking asif he had one foot in the grave.
6.
make (one) turn turn overin one's grave, to do somethingto which a specified dead person would have objected bitterly:This production of Hamlet is enough to make Shakespeare turn in hisgrave.
00:02
Grave is always a great word to know.
So is ninnyhammer. Does it mean:
a calculus or concretion found in the stomach or intestines of certain animals, esp. ruminants, formerly reputed to be an effective remedy for poison.
a fool or simpleton; ninny.
Origin: 
before 1000; Middle English; Old English græf;  cognate with GermanGrab;  see grave3

grave·less, adjective
grave·like, adjective
grave·ward, grave·wards, adverb, adjective
Dictionary.com Unabridged

grave

2  [greyv; for 4, 6 also grahv] Show IPA adjective, grav·er, grav·est for 1–3, 5, noun
adjective
1.
serious or solemn; sober: a grave person; grave thoughts.
2.
weighty, momentous, or important: grave responsibilities.
3.
threatening a seriously bad outcome or involving serious issues;critical: a grave situation; a grave illness.
4.
Grammar .
b.
spoken on a low or falling pitch.
c.
noting or having a particular accent (`) indicating originallya comparatively low pitch (as in French père  ), distinctsyllabic value (as in English belovèd  ), etc. ( opposed toacute ).
5.
(of colors) dull; somber.
noun
6.
the grave accent.
Origin: 
1535–45;  < Middle French  < Latin gravis;  akin to Greek barýs  heavy

grave·ly, adverb
grave·ness, noun
un·grave·ly, adverb

gravely, gravelly.


1. sedate, staid, thoughtful. Grave, sober, solemn refer to thecondition of being serious in demeanor or appearance. Graveindicates a weighty dignity, or the character, aspect, demeanor,speech, etc., of one conscious of heavy responsibilities or cares, orof threatening possibilities: The jury looked grave while studying theevidence. Sober (from its original sense of freedom from intoxication,and hence temperate, staid, sedate) has come to indicate absenceof levity, gaiety, or mirth, and thus to be akin to serious and grave:as sober as a judge; a sober expression on one's face. Solemn implies animpressive seriousness and deep earnestness: The minister's voicewas solemn as he announced the text.


1. frivolous, gay.

grave

3  [greyv]  Show IPA
verb (used with object), graved, grav·en or graved, grav·ing.
1.
to carve, sculpt, or engrave.
2.
to impress deeply: graven on the mind.
Origin: 
before 1000; Middle English graven, Old English grafan;  cognate withGerman graben

grav·er, noun

grave

4  [greyv]  Show IPA
verb (used with object), graved, grav·ing. Nautical .
to clean and apply a protective composition of tar to (the bottom ofa ship).
Origin: 
1425–75; late Middle English;  perhaps akin to gravel

gra·ve

5  [grah-vey; Italian grah-ve]  Show IPA Music.
adjective
1.
slow; solemn.
adverb
2.
slowly; solemnly.
Origin: 
1575–85;  < Italian grave  < Latin gravis  heavy; see grave2
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2013.
Cite This Source   Link To grave
Collins
World English Dictionary
grave 1  (ɡreɪv) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
— n
1.a place for the burial of a corpse, esp beneath the ground andusually marked by a tombstoneRelated: sepulchral
2.something resembling a grave or resting place: the ship went to itsgrave
3.the grave  a poetic term for death
4.informal have one foot in the grave  to be near death
5.to make someone turn in his grave to make someone turnover in his grave  to do something that would have shocked ordistressed (someone now dead): many modern dictionaries wouldmake Dr Johnson turn in his grave
 
Related: sepulchral
 
[Old English græf;  related to Old Frisian gref,  Old High German grab, Old Slavonic grobǔ;  see grave ³]
grave 2  (ɡreɪv) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
— adj
1.serious and solemn: a grave look
2.full of or suggesting danger: a grave situation
3.important; crucial: grave matters of state
4.(of colours) sober or dull
5.phonetics
 a. (of a vowel or syllable in some languages with a pitch accent,such as ancient Greek) spoken on a lower or falling musical pitchrelative to neighbouring syllables or vowels
 b. acute Compare circumflex of or relating to an accent (`) overvowels, denoting a pronunciation with lower or falling musical pitch(as in ancient Greek), with certain special quality (as in French), orin a manner that gives the vowel status as a syllable nucleus notusually possessed by it in that position (as in English agèd )
 
— n
6.a grave accent
 
[C16: from Old French, from Latin gravis;  related to Greek barus heavy; see gravamen ]
 
'gravely 2
 
— adv
 
'graveness 2
 
— n
grave 3  (ɡreɪv) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
— vb  , graves graving graved graved graven
1.to cut, carve, sculpt, or engrave
2.to fix firmly in the mind
 
[Old English grafan;  related to Old Norse grafa,  Old High Germangraban  to dig]
grave 4  (ɡreɪv) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
— vb
tr nautical  to clean and apply a coating of pitch to (the bottomof a vessel)
 
[C15: perhaps from Old French grave gravel ]
grave 5  (ˈɡrɑːvɪ) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
— adj , — adv
music  to be performed in a solemn manner
 
[C17: from Italian: heavy, from Latin gravis ]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
Cite This Source
Etymonline
Word Origin & History

grave 
O.E. græf "grave, ditch," from P.Gmc. *graban (cf. O.S. graf, O.Fris.gref, O.H.G. grab "grave, tomb;" O.N. gröf "cave," Goth. graba"ditch"), from PIE base *ghrebh-/*ghrobh- "to dig, to scratch, toscrape" (cf. O.C.S. grobu "grave, tomb"); related to grafan "to dig"(see
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Medical Dictionary
grave  (grāv) 
adj. 
 Serious or dangerous, as a symptom or disease.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Cite This Source
Easton
Bible Dictionary

Grave definition


 Among the ancient Hebrews graves were outside of cities in theopen field (Luke 7:12; John 11:30). Kings (1 Kings 2:10) andprophets (1 Sam. 25:1) were generally buried within cities. Graveswere generally grottoes or caves, natural or hewn out in rocks (Isa.22:16; Matt. 27:60). There were family cemeteries (Gen. 47:29;50:5; 2 Sam. 19:37). Public burial-places were assigned to the poor(Jer. 26:23; 2 Kings 23:6). Graves were usually closed with stones,which were whitewashed, to warn strangers against contact withthem (Matt. 23:27), which caused ceremonial pollution (Num. 19:16).There were no graves in Jerusalem except those of the kings, andaccording to tradition that of the prophetess Huldah.
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
Cite This Source
American Heritage
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer.
Copyright © 1997. Published by Houghton Mifflin.
Cite This Source

What is Apostasy?

The act of abandoning one's religious faith is known as apostasy. The term is also used more generally to talk about leaving a cause or political party. As a general rule, someone does not self-identify as an apostate, as the term is considered to be rather pejorative.
The word is derived from a Greek term which means “to abandon one's post.” Many religions include a prohibition against apostasy, which is considered to be a serious sin. Someone who abandons God altogether may be termed an atheist as well as an apostate, but someone who converts to another religion is also considered an apostate. In either case, some religious faiths believe that apostates are doomed to eternal torment for abandoning the true faith.
In addition to the presumable punishments of hell suffered by apostates, apostasy has some very real earthly consequences as well. On the more mild end of the scale, children of an apostate may face rejection and difficulty if they attempt to carry on their faith or to marry into their church. On the more severe end of the spectrum, apostasy is considered a capital crime in some countries, especially fundamentalist Islamic nations.

In order to commit apostasy, someone must publicly and formally reject his or her faith. If someone chooses to stop attending religious services, praying, or observing religious practices, he or she may be considered lost, but not necessarily an apostate. An apostate makes a formal renunciation which signals a permanent break with the faith, and this breach cannot be repaired.
In many cases, the term is used pejoratively by people who remain within the faith. People may suggest that someone left the faith because they are weak, or for petty reasons. In most cases, an attempt to make an examples of the apostate's life and choices will be made, so that other members of the faith do not follow suit. This is especially true with cults and extremist sects, which do not want to encourage defection on the part of their members.
Choosing to commit apostasy can be very difficult, even when one is not threatened with death. The choice to publicly separate and potentially later criticize a religion is not taken lightly. Generally, someone must be very faithful to commit apostasy in the first place, since only a profound crisis of faith can lead to such an action. It can also be difficult for someone considering apostasy to find a good spiritual adviser, which can be very alienating.

Status offense

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Two common definitions of a status offense or status crime are
1. A status offense is an action that is prohibited only to a certain class of people, and most often applied to offenses only committed by minors.
2. In the United States, the term status offense refers to an offense such as a traffic violation where motive is not a consideration in determining guilt. In the United Kingdom and Europe, this type of status offense may be termed a regulatory offense.

Contents

  [hide

[edit]Usage

Definitions of status offense vary. A neutral definition may be "[a] type of crime that is not based upon prohibited action or inaction but rests on the fact that the offender has a certain personal condition or is of a specified character."[1] The Federal Sentencing Guidelines states that a juvenilestatus offense is a crime which cannot be committed by an adult.[2] For example, possession of a firearm by a minor, by definition, cannot be done by an adult. In some states the term "status offense" does not apply to adults at all; according to Wyoming law, status offenses can only be committed by people under 18 years of age.[3]
Juvenile status offenders are distinguished from juvenile delinquent offenders in that status offenders have not committed an act that would be considered a crime if it were committed by an adult, whereas delinquent youths have committed such an act.[4]

[edit]Examples

Status offenses may include consumption of alcoholtobacco smokingtruancy, and running away from home. These acts may be illegal for persons under a certain age, while remaining legal for all others, which makes them status offenses.
Status offense may also apply to other classes, including laws forbidding ownership of firearms by felons, where such ownership is otherwise legal.
Laws that prohibit certain actions to certain persons based on their sex, race, nationality, religion, etc., are also status offenses. A law that prohibits men from using public toilets intended for women, or a law that sets a curfew for people below a certain age, are examples of status offenses, although they are not always thought of as such.
In some jurisdictions, as social conventions have evolved over time, status offenses that were codified into law long ago are either no longer actively enforced or actually conflict with more recent legislation and cannot be enforced, even though they remain on the books. An example (in countries such as the United States) would be a local ordinance that forbids women to wear pants instead of skirtswww.mylaw.net

[edit]See also

[edit]References

  1. ^ Definition of status offense Enotes.com

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