2013년 4월 28일 일요일

Vial

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Vial (disambiguation).

Examples of modern flat-bottomed vials.

A vial (also known as a phial or flacon) is a small glass or plastic vessel or bottle, often used to store medication as liquids, powders or capsules. They can also be used as sample vessels; for instance, in autosampler devices in analyticalchromatography. Modern vials are often made of plastics such as polypropylene.

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[edit]Design

There are several different types of closure systems, including screw vials (closed with a screw cap or dropper/pipette), lip vials (closed with a cork or plastic stopper) and crimp vials (closed with a rubber stopper and a metal cap).^[1] Plastic vials can have other closure systems, such as flip-tops or snap caps. A vial can be tubular, or have a bottle-like shape with a neck. The volume defined by the neck is known as the headspace. The bottom of a vial is usually flat, unlike test tubes, which have usually a rounded bottom. The small bottle-shaped vials typically used in laboratories are also known as bijou or McCartney's bottles. The bijou bottle tends to be smaller, often with a volume of around 10 milliliters.

[edit]Etymology

A double-handed glass vial from Syria, c. 4th century AD.^[2]

The English word "vial" is derived from the Greek phiale,^[3] meaning "a broad flat container".^[4] Comparable terms include the Latin phiala, Late Latin fiola and Middle English fiole and viole.

[edit]See also

Ampoule
Seven vials, mentioned in the Book of Revelation
Vacutainer

[edit]References

Look up vial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vials

^ "Cappers" (Web). Pharmaceutical Online. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
^ "Fiole miniature". Louvre Museum. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
^ "Vial at Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary" (Web). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
^ "Phiale" (Web). About.com. Retrieved 2012-06-04.

Categories:

Containers

gorge (gôrj)

1. A deep narrow passage with steep rocky sides; a ravine.

2. A narrow entrance into the outwork of a fortification.

3. The throat; the gullet: The gory sight made my gorge rise.

4. The crop of a hawk.

5. An instance of gluttonous eating.

6. The contents of the stomach; something swallowed.

7. A mass obstructing a narrow passage: a shipping lane blocked by an ice gorge.

8. The seam on the front of a coat or jacket where the lapel and the collar are joined.

v. gorged, gorg·ing, gorg·es

v.tr.

1. To stuff with food; glut: gorged themselves with candy.

2. To devour greedily.

v.intr.

To eat gluttonously.

[Middle English, throat, from Old French, from Late Latin gurga, perhaps from Latin gurges, whirlpool, abyss.]

gorger n.

gorge [gɔːdʒ]

1. (Earth Sciences / Physical Geography) a deep ravine, esp one through which a river runs

2. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) the contents of the stomach

3. feelings of disgust or resentment (esp in the phrase one's gorge rises)

4. an obstructing mass an ice gorge

5. (Military / Fortifications) Fortifications

a. a narrow rear entrance to a work

b. the narrow part of a bastion or outwork

6. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) Archaic the throat or gullet

vb also engorge

1. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Falconry) (intr) Falconry (of hawks) to eat until the crop is completely full

2. to swallow (food) ravenously

3. (tr) to stuff (oneself) with food

[from Old French gorger to stuff, from gorge throat, from Late Latin gurga, modification of Latin gurges whirlpool]

gorgeable adj

gorger n

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

gorge (gɔrdʒ)

n., v. gorged, gorg•ing. n.

1. a narrow cleft with steep, rocky walls, esp. one through which a stream runs.

2. a small canyon.

3. a gluttonous meal.

4. something that is swallowed; contents of the stomach.

5. an obstructing mass: an ice gorge.

6. the seam where the lapel joins the collar of a coat.

7. the rear part of a bastion or similar outwork of a fortification.

8. a primitive type of fishhook consisting of a sharply pointed piece of bone, antler, etc., that is attached to a line and lodges in a fish's gills when swallowed.

9. the throat; gullet.

10. a feeling of strong disgust or anger: Their cruelty made his gorge rise.

v.t.

11. to stuff with food: to gorge oneself.

12. to swallow, esp. greedily.

13. to fill or choke up.

v.i.

14. to eat greedily.

[1325–75;< Old French gorger, derivative of gorge throat « Latin gurguliō gullet, gurges whirlpool, eddy]

gorg′er, n.

gorge (gôrj)

A deep, narrow valley with steep rocky sides, often with a stream flowing through it. Gorges are smaller and narrower than canyons and are often a part of a canyon.

Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	gorge - a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it) flume, gulch - a narrow gorge with a stream running through it ravine - a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
	2.	gorge - a narrow pass (especially one between mountains) defile mountain pass, notch, pass - the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow"
	3.	gorge - the passage between the pharynx and the stomach esophagus, gullet, oesophagus passageway, passage - a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; "the nasal passages" muscle system, muscular structure, musculature - the muscular system of an organism alimentary canal, alimentary tract, digestive tract, digestive tube, gastrointestinal tract, GI tract - tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination epicardia - the short part of the esophagus extending downward from the diaphragm to the stomach cardiac sphincter - the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction
Verb	1.	gorge - overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself; "She stuffed herself at the dinner"; "The kids binged on ice cream" binge, englut, engorge, glut, gormandise, gormandize, gourmandize, ingurgitate, overeat, overgorge, overindulge, pig out, scarf out, satiate, stuff eat - eat a meal; take a meal; "We did not eat until 10 P.M. because there were so many phone calls"; "I didn't eat yet, so I gladly accept your invitation"

gorge

noun

ravine, canyon, pass, clough (dialect), chasm, cleft, fissure, defile, gulch a steep path into Crete's Samaria Gorge

verb

1. overeat, bolt, devour, gobble, wolf, swallow, gulp, guzzle, pig out (slang) I could spend all day gorging on chocolate.

2. (usually reflexive) stuff, fill, feed, cram, glut, surfeit, satiate, sate Three men were gorging themselves on grouse and watermelon.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

Translations

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gorge (goːdʒ) noun

a deep narrow valley. A river ran along the bottom of the gorge.

verb

to eat greedily until one is full. He gorged himself on fruit at the party.

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de·file¹ (d

-f

)

tr.v. de·filed, de·fil·ing, de·files

1. To make filthy or dirty; pollute: defile a river with sewage.

2. To debase the pureness or excellence of; corrupt: a country landscape that was defiled by urban sprawl.

3. To profane or sully (a reputation, for example).

4. To make unclean or unfit for ceremonial use; desecrate: defile a temple.

5. To violate the chastity of.

[Middle English defilen, alteration (influenced by filen, to befoul, from Old English flan; see p- in Indo-European roots) of defoulen, to trample on, abuse, pollute, from Old French defouler, to trample, full cloth : de-,de- + fouler, to trample, beat down; see full².]

de·filement n.

de·filer n.

de·filing·ly adv.

de·file² (d

-f

)

intr.v. de·filed, de·fil·ing, de·files

To march in single file or in files or columns.

1. A narrow gorge or pass that restricts lateral movement, as of troops.

2. A march in a line.

[French défiler : dé-, away, off (from Old French de-; see de-) + file, line, file (from Old French filer, to spin thread, march in line; see file¹). N., from French défilé, from past participle of défiler.]

defile¹

vb (tr)

1. to make foul or dirty; pollute

2. to tarnish or sully the brightness of; taint; corrupt

3. to damage or sully (someone's good name, reputation, etc.)

4. to make unfit for ceremonial use; desecrate

5. to violate the chastity of

[from earlier defoilen (influenced by filen to file³), from Old French defouler to trample underfoot, abuse, from de- + fouler to tread upon; see full²]

defilement n

defiler n

defile²

1. (Earth Sciences / Physical Geography) a narrow pass or gorge, esp one between two mountains

2. (Military) a single file of soldiers, etc.

(Military) Chiefly military to march or cause to march in single file

[from French défilé, from défiler to file off, from filer to march in a column, from Old French: to spin, from fil thread, from Latin fīlum]

de•file¹ (dɪˈfaɪl)

v.t. -filed, -fil•ing.

1. to make foul, dirty, or unclean.

2. to violate the chastity of.

3. to desecrate.

4. to sully, as a person's reputation.

[1275–1325; < Old French defouler to trample on, violate]

de•file′ment, n.

de•fil′er, n.

de•fil′ing•ly, adv.

de•file² (dɪˈfaɪl, ˈdi faɪl)

n., v. -filed, -fil•ing. n.

1. a narrow passage, esp. between mountains.

v.i.

2. to march in a line or by files.

[1675–85; < French défilé, n. use of past participle of défiler to file off; see defilade]

Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	defile - a narrow pass (especially one between mountains) gorge mountain pass, notch, pass - the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow"
Verb	1.	defile - place under suspicion or cast doubt upon; "sully someone's reputation" sully, taint, corrupt, cloud mar, deflower, impair, vitiate, spoil - make imperfect; "nothing marred her beauty"
	2.	defile - make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically; "The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air"; "Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man" maculate, tarnish, sully, stain blob, fleck, blot, spot - make a spot or mark onto; "The wine spotted the tablecloth" darken - tarnish or stain; "a scandal that darkened the family's good name"
	3.	defile - spot, stain, or pollute; "The townspeople defiled the river by emptying raw sewage into it" befoul, maculate, foul attaint, disgrace, dishonor, dishonour, shame - bring shame or dishonor upon; "he dishonored his family by committing a serious crime"

defile

verb

1. degrade, stain, disgrace, sully, debase, dishonour, besmirch, smirch He felt his father's memory had been defiled by the article.

2. desecrate, violate, contaminate, abuse, pollute, profane, dishonour, despoil, treat sacrilegiously Who gave you permission to defile this sacred place?

3. dirty, soil, contaminate, smear, pollute, taint, tarnish, make foul, smirch, befoul piles of old clothes defiled with excrement

4. violate, abuse, rape, seduce, molest, ravish, deflower The soldiers brutally defiled her in front of her parents.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

Translations

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2013년 4월 28일 일요일

Vial

Contents

[edit]Design

[edit]Etymology

[edit]See also

[edit]References

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