trip  (trp) n. 1. A going from one place to another; a journey. 2. A stumble or fall. 3. A maneuver causing someone to stumble or fall. 4. A mistake. 5. Slang a. A hallucinatory experience induced by a psychedelic drug: an acid trip. b. An intense, stimulating, or exciting experience: a power trip. 6. Slang a. A usually temporary but absorbing interest or preoccupation: He's on another health food trip. b. A certain way of life or situation: "deny that his reclusiveness is some sort of deliberate star trip" (Patricia Bosworth). 7. A light or nimble tread. 8. a. A device, such as a pawl, for triggering a mechanism. b. The action of such a device. v. tripped, trip·ping, trips v.intr. 1. To stumble. 2. To move nimbly with light rapid steps; skip. 3. To be released, as a tooth on an escapement wheel in a watch. 4. To make a trip. 5. To make a mistake: tripped up on the last question. 6. Slang To have a drug-induced hallucination. v.tr. 1. To cause to stumble or fall. 2. To trap or catch in an error or inconsistency. 3. To release (a catch, trigger, or switch), thereby setting something in operation. 4. Nautical a. To raise (an anchor) from the bottom. b. To tip or turn (a yardarm) into a position for lowering. c. To lift (an upper mast) in order to remove the fid before lowering. Idiom: trip the light fantastic To dance. [Middle English, act of tripping, from trippen, to trip, from Old French tripper, to stamp the foot, of Germanic origin.]

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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trip [trɪp]

n

1. an outward and return journey, often for a specific purpose

2. any tour, journey, or voyage

3. a false step; stumble

4. any slip or blunder

5. a light step or tread

6. a manoeuvre or device to cause someone to trip

7. (Engineering / Mechanical Engineering) Also called tripper

a.  any catch on a mechanism that acts as a switch

b.  (as modifier) trip button

8. (Chemistry) a surge in the conditions of a chemical or other automatic process resulting in an instability

9. (Law / Recreational Drugs) Informal a hallucinogenic drug experience

10. Informal any stimulating, profound, etc., experience

vb trips, tripping, tripped

1. (often foll by up, or when intr, by on or over) to stumble or cause to stumble

2. to make or cause to make a mistake or blunder

3. (tr; often foll by up) to trap or catch in a mistake

4. (intr) to go on a short tour or journey

5. (intr) to move or tread lightly

6. (Law / Recreational Drugs) (intr) Informal to experience the effects of LSD or any other hallucinogenic drug

7. (tr)

a.  to activate (a mechanical trip)

b. 

trip a switch to switch electric power off by moving the switch armature to disconnect the supply See also trip out

[from Old French triper to tread, of Germanic origin; related to Low German trippen to stamp, Middle Dutch trippen to walk trippingly, trepelen to trample]

trippingly  adv

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

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trip (trɪp) 

n., v. tripped, trip•ping. n.

1. a traveling from one place to another; journey or voyage.

2. a journey or run made by a boat, train, or the like, between two points.

3. a single course of travel taken as part of one's duty, work, etc.: my weekly trip to the bank.

4. a stumble; misstep.

5. a sudden impeding or catching of a person's foot so as to throw the person down.

6. a slip, error, or blunder.

7. a light, nimble step or movement of the feet.

8. a projection on a moving part that strikes a control lever to stop, reverse, or control a machine, as a printing press.

9. Slang.

a. an instance or period of being under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug, esp. LSD.

b. the euphoria, hallucinations, etc., experienced during such a period.

c. a stimulating or exciting experience.

d. any experience.

e. any intense interest or preoccupation: She's been on a nostalgia trip all week.

v.i.

10. to stumble: to trip on a toy.

11. to make a slip or mistake, as in conversation or conduct.

12. to step lightly or nimbly; skip.

13. to tip or tilt.

14. Slang. to be under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug, esp. LSD (often fol. by out).

v.t.

15. to cause to stumble (often fol. by up).

16. to cause to fail; obstruct.

17. to cause to make a slip or error (often fol. by up).

18. to catch in a slip or error.

19. to tip or tilt.

20. to break out (a ship's anchor) by turning over or lifting from the bottom by a line attached to the crown of the anchor.

21. to operate, start, or set free (a mechanism, weight, etc.) by suddenly releasing a catch, clutch, or the like.

22. to release or operate suddenly (a catch, clutch, etc.).

Idioms:

trip the light fantastic, to go dancing.

[1350–1400; Middle English trippen to step lightly < Old French trip(p)er < Middle Dutch; compare early Dutch trippen, Dutch trippelen (frequentative with -el), akin to Old English treppan to tread]

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Trip a flock or troop; a brood or litter.

Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

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trip

• trip - A group of goats.
• rustication - A trip to the country.
• safari - From Swahili, from Arabic safar, "journey, trip."
• supplant - Literally means "trip up," from Latin supplantare, "trip up, overthrow."
Farlex Trivia Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.
Thesaurus Legend:  Synonyms Related Words Antonyms
Noun	1.	trip - a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); "he took a trip to the shopping center" flight - a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; "I took the noon flight to Chicago" journey, journeying - the act of traveling from one place to another junket - a trip taken by an official at public expense round trip - a trip to some place and back again run - a regular trip; "the ship made its run in record time" run - a short trip; "take a run into town" trek - any long and difficult trip errand - a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission service call - a trip made by a repairman to visit the location of something in need of service
	2.	trip - a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs; "an acid trip" hallucination - illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder
	3.	trip - an accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall; "he blamed his slip on the ice"; "the jolt caused many slips and a few spills" slip fall, tumble, spill - a sudden drop from an upright position; "he had a nasty spill on the ice" misadventure, mischance, mishap - an instance of misfortune
	4.	trip - an exciting or stimulating experience head trip experience - an event as apprehended; "a surprising experience"; "that painful experience certainly got our attention"
	5.	trip - a catch mechanism that acts as a switch; "the pressure activates the tripper and releases the water" tripper catch, stop - a restraint that checks the motion of something; "he used a book as a stop to hold the door open"
	6.	trip - a light or nimble tread; "he heard the trip of women's feet overhead" step - the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down; "he walked with unsteady steps"
	7.	trip - an unintentional but embarrassing blunder; "he recited the whole poem without a single trip"; "he arranged his robes to avoid a trip-up later"; "confusion caused his unfortunate misstep" misstep, trip-up, stumble blooper, blunder, boner, boo-boo, botch, bungle, flub, foul-up, fuckup, pratfall, bloomer - an embarrassing mistake
Verb	1.	trip - miss a step and fall or nearly fall; "She stumbled over the tree root" stumble move - move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion; "He moved his hand slightly to the right" founder - stumble and nearly fall; "the horses foundered"
	2.	trip - cause to stumble; "The questions on the test tripped him up" trip up
	3.	trip - make a trip for pleasure             jaunt, travel junket, junketeer - go on a pleasure trip travel to, visit - go to certain places as for sightseeing; "Did you ever visit Paris?" journey, travel - undertake a journey or trip ply, run - travel a route regularly; "Ships ply the waters near the coast" commute - travel back and forth regularly, as between one's place of work and home peregrinate - travel around, through, or over, especially on foot; "peregrinate the bridge"
	4.	trip - put in motion or move to act; "trigger a reaction"; "actuate the circuits" activate, actuate, set off, spark, spark off, touch off, trigger, trigger off initiate, pioneer - take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of; "This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants"
	5.	trip - get high, stoned, or drugged; "He trips every weekend" trip out, turn on, get off
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
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trip
noun
1. journey, outing, excursion, day out, run, drive, travel, tour, spin (informal), expedition, voyage, ramble, foray, jaunt, errand, junket (informal), awayday On the Thursday we went out on a day trip.
2. stumble, fall, slip, blunder, false move, misstep, false step Slips, trips and falls were monitored using a daily calendar.
verb
1. stumble, fall, fall over, slip, tumble, topple, stagger, misstep, lose your balance, make a false move, lose your footing, take a spill She tripped and broke her hip.
2. skip, dance, spring, hop, caper, flit, frisk, gambol, tread lightly They tripped along without a care in the world.
3. (Informal) take drugs, get high (informal), get stoned (slang), get loved-up (informal), get off your face (slang), turn on (slang) One night I was tripping on acid.
4. activate, turn on, flip, release, pull, throw, engage, set off, switch on He set the timer, then tripped the switch.
trip someone up catch out, trap, confuse, unsettle, disconcert, throw you off, wrongfoot, put you off your stride Your own lies will trip you up.
trip up blunder, make a mistake, slip up (informal), make a faux pas, go wrong, lapse, boob (Brit. slang), err, miscalculate He has tripped up in Parliament before.
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002
 Translations
Select a language:  -----------------------  


trip (trip) – past tense, past participle tripped – verb
1. (often with up or over) to (cause to) catch one's foot and stumble or fall. She tripped and fell; She tripped over the carpet.
2. to walk with short, light steps. She tripped happily along the road.
noun
a journey or tour. She went on / took a trip to Paris.
ˈtripper noun
a person who has made a journey for pleasure. The resort was full of trippers.
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
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trip →
Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

Dram shop

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009)

Dram shop or dramshop is a legal term in the United States referring to a bar, tavern or the like where alcoholic beverages are sold. Traditionally, it referred to a shop where spirits were sold by the dram, a small unit of liquid.

Dram shop liability refers to the body of law governing the liability of taverns, liquor stores and other commercial establishments that serve alcoholic beverages. Generally, dram shop laws establish the liability of establishments arising out of the sale of alcohol to visibly intoxicated persons or minors who subsequently cause death or injury to third-parties (those not having a relationship to the bar) as a result of alcohol-related car crashes and other accidents.

The laws are intended to protect the general public from the hazards of serving alcohol to minors and intoxicated patrons. Groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have advocated for the enforcement and enactment of dram shop laws across the United States as well as in theUnited Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. The earliest dram shop laws date from the 19th century temperance movement.

The laws have drawn criticism by those who claim they downplay the role of personal responsibility.

Contents   [hide]  1 Differences among U.S. state laws 2 Effectiveness 3 References 4 External links

Differences among U.S. state laws [edit]

Serving alcohol to minors is illegal in all 50 states. Many states impose liability on bars for serving minors who subsequently injure themselves or others; deterring minors from being served alcohol. Thus in states like Texas and New Jersey, minors can sue a drinking establishment for their own injuries sustained while intoxicated. In other states, dram shop liability only extends to serving the "habitually intoxicated."

The majority of states allow for recovery when the defendant knew (or should have known) the customer was intoxicated. Some states have attempted to address this problem through more exacting tests. Missouri's recently revised dram shop law requires proof that the party demonstrates "significantly uncoordinated physical action or significant physical dysfunction." In Texas, a patron must be so obviously intoxicated that he presents a clear danger to himself and others.

On the other hand, in Massachusetts, the state's highest court has held that a bar could be sued where a patron exhibiting "drunk, loud and vulgar" behavior was determined to be "visibly intoxicated," Cimino v. The Milford Keg, Inc., 385 Mass. 323 (1981). In Cimino, evidence showed that the intoxicated patron had been served six or more White Russians by the Milford Keg bar. The patron left the bar, arriving at another bar about fifteen minutes later "totally drunk," holding a White Russian. The next bar that he went to refused to serve him. Shortly thereafter, the intoxicated patron lost control of his car, drove on a sidewalk, and killed a pedestrian.

Under Illinois' dram shop law, plaintiffs can recover after demonstrating that:

1. alcohol was sold to the patron by the defendant;
2. damages were sustained by the plaintiff;
3. the sale of alcohol was the proximate cause of the intoxication; and
4. intoxication was at least one cause of the plaintiff's damages.

Proximate cause includes the requirement that the dram shop must have been able to foresee that its actions could cause injuries to third parties, but this is true for any establishment that serves (sells) alcohol. One Illinois court allowed a lawsuit against a company that dropped off self-serve barrels of beer at a union picnic.^[1][2]

Some states (such as New Jersey) impose liability on social hosts as well as commercial establishments. This related area of the law is known as social host liability.

Different states' dram shop acts also differ as to whether a person who becomes intoxicated and injures themselves has a cause of action against the establishment that served them. Some states, such as New Jersey, will allow such a cause of action but will instruct the jury to take the intoxicated person's own negligence into account. Other states, such as New York, will not allow a person who injures themselves to bring a lawsuit against the bar that served them, but if that person dies will allow such a person's children to sue the drinking establishment for loss of parental consortium.^[3]

Effectiveness [edit]

According to a 2004 comparison by YAERD^{[citation needed]}, a U.S. organization that studies alcohol use among youth, Michigan and Alaska, whose dram shop laws are considerably narrower than MADD proposes, have drunk-driving fatality rates below the national average, while Illinois is above the national average despite having one of the broadest dram shop laws. Comparisons between a rural state like Alaska, with the lowest population density in the United States, with that of Illinois, which includes the Chicago metropolitan area and other major cities, may not be scientifically valid because of the existence of confounding variables. A 1993 study from the National Bureau of Economic Research found some reduction in alcohol-related fatalities from the implementation of dram shop laws though it did not control for the special cases of Utah and Nevada, which may have distorted the results.^[4]

References [edit]

1. ^ Peterson v. Jack Donelson Sales Co., 4 Ill.App.3d 792 (2nd Dist. 1972)
2. ^ http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=19727964IllApp3d792_1614.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985
3. ^ http://kreppein.blogspot.com/2008/10/lil-bit-olaw-dram-shop-act.html
4. ^ [1]

External links [edit]

• "Blame It On The Bars"

Categories: 

• Tort law

WEIGHT AND MEASURES1
UNIT	ABBREVIATION OR SYMBOL
EQUIVALENTS IN OTHER UNITS OF SAME SYSTEM	METRIC EQUIVALENT
WEIGHT
Avoirdupois2
ton
short ton		20 short hundredweight, 2000 pounds	0.907 metric ton
long ton		20 long hundredweight, 2240 pounds	1.016 metric ton
hundredweight	cwt
short hundredweight		100 pounds, 0.05 short tons	45.359 kilograms
long hundredweight		112 pounds, 0.05 long ton	50.802 kilograms
pound	lb or lb avdp also #	16 ounces, 7000 grains	0.454 kilogram
ounce	oz or oz avdp	16 drams, 437.5 grains, 0.0625 pound	28.350 grams
dram	dr or dr avdp	27.344 grains, 0.0625 ounce	1.772 grams
grain	gr	0.037 dram, 0.002286 ounce	0.0648 gram
Troy
pound	lb t	12 ounces, 240 pennyweight, 5760 grains	0.373 kilogram
ounce	oz t	20 pennyweight, 480 grains, 0.083 pound	31.103 grams
pennyweight	dwt also pwt	24 grains, 0.05 ounce	1.555 grams
grain	gr	0.042 pennyweight, 0.002083 ounce	0.0648 gram
Apothecaries'
pound	lb ap	12 ounces, 5760 grains	0.373 kilogram
ounce	oz ap	8 drams, 480 grains, 0.083 pound	31.103 grams
dram	dr ap	3 scruples, 60 grains	3.888 grams
scruple	s ap	20 grains, 0.333 dram	1.296 grams
grain	gr	0.05 scruple, 0.002083 ounce, 0.0166 dram	0.0648 gram
CAPACITY
U.S. liquid measure
gallon	gal	4 quarts (231 cubic inches)	3.785 liters
quart	qt	2 pints (57.75 cubic inches)	0.946 liter
pint	pt	4 gills (28.875 cubic inches	473.176 milliliters
gill	gi	4 fluid ounces (7.219 cubic inches)	118.294 milliliters
fluid ounce	fl oz	8 fluid drams (1.805) cub inches)	29.573 milliliters
fluid dram	fl dr	60 minims (0.226 cubic inch)	3.697 milliliters
minim	min	1/60 fluid dram (0.003760 cubic inch)	0.061610 milliliter
U.S. dry measure
bushel	bu	4 pecks (2150.42 cubic inches)	35.239 liters
peck	pk	8 quarts (537.605 cubic inches)	8.810 liters
quart	qt	2 pints (67.201 cubic inches)	1.101 liters
pint	pt	½ quart (33.600 cubic inches)	0.551 liter
British imperial liquid and dry measure
bushel	bu	4 pecks (2219.36 cubic inches)	36.369 liters
peck	pk	2 gallons (554.84 cubic inches)	9.092 liters
gallon	gal	4 quarts (277.420 cubic inches)	4.546 liters
quart	qt	2 pints (69.355 cubic inches)	1.136 liters
pint	pt	4 gills (34.678 cubic inches)	568.26 milliliters
gill	gi	5 fluid ounces (8.669 cubic inches)	142.066 milliliters
fluid ounce	fl oz	8 fluid drams (1.7339 cubic inches)	28.412 milliliters
fluid dram	fl dr	60 minims (0.216734 cubic inch)	3.5516 milliliters
minim	min	1/60 fluid dram (0.003612 cubic inch)	0.059194 milliliter
LENGTH
mile	mi	5280 feet, 1760 yards, 320 rods	1.609 kilometers
rod	rd	5.50 yards, 16.5 feet	5.029 meters
yard	yd	3 feet, 36 inches	0.9144 meter
foot	ft or '	12 inches, 0.333 yard	30.48 centimeters
inch	in or "	0.083 foot, 0.028 yard	2.54 centimeters
AREA
square mile	sq mi or mi2	640 acres, 102,400 square rods	2.590 square kilometers
acre		4840 square yards, 43,560 square feet	0.405 hectare, 4047 square meters
square rod	sq rd or rd2	30.25 square yards, 0.00625 acre	25.293 square meters
square yard	sq yd or yd2	1296 square inches, 9 square feet	0.836 square meter
square foot	sq ft or ft2	144 square inches, 0.111 square yard	0.093 square meter
square inch	sq in or in2	0.0069 square foot, 0.00077 square yard	6.452 square centimeters
VOLUME
cubic yard	cu yd or yd3	27 cubic feet, 46,656 cubic inches	0.765 cubic meter
cubic foot	cu ft or ft3	1728 cubic inches, 0.0370 cubic yard	0.028 cubic meter
cubic inch	cu in or in3	0.00058 cubic foot, 0.000021 cubic yard	16.387 cubic centimeters

¹For U.S. equivalents of the metric unit see Metric System table.
²The U.S. uses the avoirdupois units as a common system of measuring weight.