변호사 이재욱의 미국법 이야기 (Attorney Lee's commentary about U.S. law)

file 1  (fl) n. 1. A container, such as a cabinet or folder, for keeping papers in order. 2. A collection of papers or published materials kept or arranged in convenient order. 3. Computer Science A collection of related data or program records stored as a unit with a single name. 4. a. A line of persons, animals, or things positioned one behind the other. b. A line of troops or military vehicles so positioned. 5. Games Any of the rows of squares that run forward and backward between players on a playing board in chess or checkers. 6. Archaic A list or roll. v. filed, fil·ing, files v.tr. 1. To put or keep (papers, for example) in useful order for storage or reference. 2. To enter (a legal document) on public official record. 3. To send or submit (copy) to a newspaper. 4. To carry out the first stage of (a lawsuit, for example): filed charges against my associate. v.intr. 1. To march or walk in a line. 2. To put items in a file. 3. To make application; apply: filed for a job with the state; file for a divorce. 4. To enter one's name in a political contest: filed for Congress. Idiom: on file In or as if in a file for easy reference: We will keep your resumé on file. [From Middle English filen, to put documents on file, from Old French filer, to spin thread, to put documents on a thread, from Late Latin flre, to spin, draw out in a long line, from Latin flum, thread; see gwh- in Indo-European roots.] file 2  (fl) n. 1. Any of several hardened steel tools with cutting ridges for forming, smoothing, or reducing especially metallic surfaces. 2. A nail file. 3. Chiefly British A crafty or artful person. tr.v. filed, fil·ing, files To smooth, reduce, or remove with or as if with a file. [Middle English, from Old English fl; see peig- in Indo-European roots.] file 3  (fl) tr.v. filed, fil·ing, files Archaic To sully or defile. [Middle English filen, from Old English flan; see p- in Indo-European roots.] The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. file1 n 1. a folder, box, etc., used to keep documents or other items in order 2. the documents, etc., kept in this way 3. documents or information about a specific subject, person, etc. we have a file on every known thief 4. an orderly line or row 5. (Military) a line of people in marching formation, one behind another Compare rank1 [6] 6. (Group Games / Chess & Draughts) any of the eight vertical rows of squares on a chessboard 7. (Electronics & Computer Science / Computer Science) Computing a named collection of information, in the form of text, programs, graphics, etc., held on a permanent storage device such as a magnetic disk 8. Obsolete a list or catalogue on file recorded or catalogued for reference, as in a file vb 1. to place (a document, letter, etc.) in a file 2. (tr) to put on record, esp to place (a legal document) on public or official record; register 3. (Law) (tr) to bring (a suit, esp a divorce suit) in a court of law 4. (Communication Arts / Journalism & Publishing) (tr) to submit (copy) to a newspaper or news agency 5. (intr) to march or walk in a file or files the ants filed down the hill [C16 (in the sense: string on which documents are hung): from Old French filer, from Medieval Latin fīlāre; see filament] filer  n file2 n 1. (Engineering / Tools) a hand tool consisting essentially of a steel blade with small cutting teeth on some or all of its faces. It is used for shaping or smoothing metal, wood, etc. 2. Rare Brit slang a cunning or deceitful person vb (Engineering / Tools) (tr) to shape or smooth (a surface) with a file [Old English fīl; related to Old Saxon fīla, Old High German fīhala file, Greek pikros bitter, sharp] filer  n file3 vb (tr) Obsolete to pollute or defile [Old English fȳlan; related to Middle Low German vülen; see defile1, filth, foul] Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 file1 (faɪl)  n., v. filed, fil•ing. n. 1. a container in which papers, letters, etc., are arranged in convenient order. 2. a collection of papers, records, etc., arranged in convenient order. 3. a collection of related computer data or program records stored by name. 4. a line of persons or things arranged one behind another (disting. from rank). 5. a list or roll. 6. one of the vertical lines of squares on a chessboard. v.t. 7. to place in a file. 8. to arrange (papers, records, etc.) in convenient order for storage or reference. 9. to transmit (a news story), as by wire. 10. to initiate (legal proceedings). v.i. 11. to march in a file or line, one after another. 12. to make application: to file for a job. Idioms: on file, filed for easy retrieval. [1425–75; late Middle English < Middle French filer to string documents on a thread or wire, Old French: to wind or spin thread « Latin fīlum thread, string] fil′er, n. file2 (faɪl)  n., v. filed, fil•ing. n. 1. a metal tool, esp. of steel, having rough surfaces for reducing or smoothing metal, wood, etc. 2. nail file. v.t. 3. to reduce, smooth, or remove with or as if with a file. [before 900; Middle English; Old English fīl, fēol, c. Old Saxon fīla, Old High German fī(ha)la] fil′er, n. file3 (faɪl)  v.t. filed, fil•ing. Archaic. to defile; corrupt. [before 1000; Middle English; Old English fȳlan to befoul, defile, derivative of fūl foul] fi•lé (fɪˈleɪ, ˈfi leɪ)  n. a powder made from the ground leaves of the sassafras tree, used as a thickener and flavoring, esp. in Creole soups and gumbos. [1800–10, Amer.; < Louisiana French; literally, twisted, ropy, stringy] Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. file  (fl) A collection of related data or program records stored as a unit with a single name. Files are the basic units that a computer works with in storing and retrieving data. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. File a collection of papers arranged in order; a line, queue, or row of people; animals or things standing or placed one behind each other; a small number of soldiers. Examples: file of letters, 1666; of slanderous lies, 1581; of newspapers, 1806; of papers, 1525; of soldiers [two deep], 1598. Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Legend:  Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Noun 1. file - a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together data file computer file - (computer science) a file maintained in computer-readable form mug book, mug file - a file of mug shots (pictures of criminals that are kept on file by the police) record - anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events; "the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques" tickler, tickler file - a file of memoranda or notices that remind of things to be done 2. file - a line of persons or things ranged one behind the other Indian file, single file snake dance - a group advancing in a single-file serpentine path column - a line of units following one after another line - a formation of people or things one behind another; "the line stretched clear around the corner"; "you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter" 3. file - office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order file cabinet, filing cabinet card index, card catalog, card catalogue - an alphabetical listing of items (e.g., books in a library) with a separate card for each item office furniture - furniture intended for use in an office vertical file - a file in which records are stored upright on one edge 4. file - a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal blunt file - a file with parallel edges flat file - a file with two flat surfaces haft, helve - the handle of a weapon or tool hand tool - a tool used with workers' hands nailfile - a small flat file for shaping the nails wood file, rasp - a coarse file with sharp pointed projections rat-tail file - a thin round file shaped like the tail of a rat round file - a file with a circular cross section; used to file the inside of holes taper file - a file with converging edges Verb 1. file - record in a public office or in a court of law; "file for divorce"; "file a complaint" register law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" trademark - register the trademark of; "The company trademarked their new gadget" register - record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions 2. file - smooth with a file; "file one's fingernails" smooth, smoothen - make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; "smooth the surface of the wood" 3. file - proceed in line; "The students filed into the classroom" march, process - march in a procession; "They processed into the dining room" file in - enter by marching in a file file out - march out, in a file 4. file - file a formal charge against; "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife" lodge, charge accuse, criminate, incriminate, impeach - bring an accusation against; level a charge against; "The neighbors accused the man of spousal abuse" impeach - charge (a public official) with an offense or misdemeanor committed while in office; "The President was impeached" 5. file - place in a container for keeping records; "File these bills, please" file away record, enter, put down - make a record of; set down in permanent form Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. file1 noun 1. folder, case, portfolio, binder a file of insurance papers 2. dossier, record, information, data, documents, case history, report, case We have files on people's tax details. 3. document, program to span a file across more than one disk 4. line, row, chain, string, column, queue, procession A file of soldiers, spaced and on both sides. verb 1. arrange, order, classify, put in place, slot in (informal), categorize, pigeonhole, put in order Papers are filed alphabetically. 2. register, record, enter, log, put on record They have filed formal complaints. 3. march, troop, parade, walk in line, walk behind one another They filed into the room and sat down. file2 verb smooth, shape, polish, rub, refine, scrape, rasp, burnish, rub down, abrade shaping and filing nails Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002  Translations Select a language:  -----------------------   file1 (fail) noun a line of soldiers etc walking one behind the other. verb to walk in a file. They filed across the road. in single file (moving along) singly, one behind the other. They went downstairs in single file. file2 (fail) noun 1. a folder, loose-leaf book etc to hold papers. 2. a collection of papers on a particular subject (kept in such a folder). 3. in computing, a collection of data stored eg on a disc. verb 1. to put (papers etc) in a file. He filed the letter under P. 2. to bring (a suit) before a law court. to file (a suit) for divorce. ˈfilename noun the name that someone gives to a computer file. ˈfiling cabinet noun a piece of furniture with drawers etc for holding papers. file3 (fail) noun a steel tool with a rough surface for smoothing or rubbing away wood, metal etc. verb to cut or smooth with a file. She filed her nails. ˈfilings noun plural pieces of wood, metal etc rubbed off with a file. iron filings. Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd. file → Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009 Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. Link to this page:  Please bookmark with social media, your votes are noticed and appreciated:

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