2013년 5월 10일 금요일

Dividing the lifespan [edit]

An elderly Caucasian woman

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012)

An animal's life is often divided into various age ranges. However, because biological changes are slow-moving and can vary within one's own species, arbitrary dates are usually set to mark periods of life. The human divisions given below are not valid in all cultures:

Juvenile (via infancy, childhood, preadolescence, adolescence): 0–19
Early adulthood: 20–39
Middle adulthood: 40–59
Late adulthood: 60+

Ages can also be divided into numerical units:

Term	Age (years, inclusive)
Denarian	10 to 19
Vicenarian	20 to 29
Tricenarian	30 to 39
Quadragenarian	40 to 49
Quinquagenarian	50 to 59
Sexagenarian	60 to 69
Septuagenarian	70 to 79
Octogenarian	80 to 89
Nonagenarian	90 to 99
Centenarian	100 to 109
Supercentenarian	110 and older

People from 13 to 19 years of age are also known as teens or teenagers. Tween or Twelvie is an American neologism referring to someone aged 10 through 12.^[21] The casual terms "twentysomething", "thirtysomething", etc. are also in use to describe people by decades of age.

Cultural variations

List o

septuagenarian

[hide]

1 English

English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Latin septuagenarius ("of the number seventy"), from Latin septuāginta ("seventy") +‎ -an

Adjective [edit]

septuagenarian (not comparable)

Being between the age of 70 and 79, inclusive. In one's eighth decade.
Of or relating to a septuagenarian.

Noun [edit]

septuagenarian (plural septuagenarians)

One who is between the age of 70 and 79, inclusive.

Translations [edit]

[show ▼]One who is between the age of 70 and 79

Coordinate terms [edit]

f all words ending with genarian

6 words found in our database.

nonagenarian
octogenarian
quadragenarian
quinquagenarian
septuagenarian
sexagenarian

Illustrations of the rule against perpetuities

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008)

Property law
Part of the common law series
Types
Real property Personal property
Acquisition
Gift Adverse possession Deed Conquest Discovery Accession Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property Treasure trove Bailment License Alienation
Estates in land
Allodial title Fee simple Fee tail Life estate Defeasible estate Future interest Concurrent estate Leasehold estate Condominiums Real estate
Conveyancing
Bona fide purchaser Torrens title Strata title Estoppel by deed Quitclaim deed Mortgage Equitable conversion Action to quiet title Escheat
Future use control
Restraint on alienation Rule against perpetuities Rule in Shelley's Case Doctrine of worthier title
Nonpossessory interest
Easement Profit Usufruct Covenant Equitable servitude
Related topics
Fixtures Waste Partition Practicing without a license Riparian water rights Prior-appropriation water rights Lateral and subjacent support Assignment Nemo dat Conflict of property laws Blackacre
Other common law areas
Contract law Tort law Wills, trusts and estates Criminal law Evidence
v t e

The fertile octogenarian [edit]

The fertile octogenarian is a fictitious character that comes up when applying the rule against perpetuities. The rule presumes that anyone, even an octogenarian (i.e., someone between 80 and 90 years of age) can parent a child, regardless of gender or health. For instance, suppose that a will devises a piece of land known as Blackacre "to A for her life, and then to the first of A's children to reach 25 years of age." A is, at the time the will is probated, an 85-year-old woman. In applying the rule against perpetuities, an imaginative lawyer will argue (and a court must accept under the common law rule itself) that A could have a child in her 86th year and then in her 87th year all of A's other children could die, then in her 88th year A herself could die. Because the interest will not vest until her new child reaches 25 years of age, which cannot happen until more than 21 years after A and her other children (together who form the "lives in being" to which the rule refers) have all died, the rule against perpetuities makes the entire gift "to the first of A's children to reach 25 years of age" void. A will hold Blackacre for life, and then the property will revert to the person whose will transferred it to A in the first place. (Actually, it will go to that person's estate, since the will was probated only after his death.)

While it is true that there is often no statutory maximum age limit to perform an adoption, and adopted children are often treated the same as natural children, so an 86-year-old woman who adopts a newborn child is legally in the same position as an 86-year-old woman who gives birth, the fertile octogenarian rule predates the laws allowing legal adoption.

The legal fiction of the fertile octogenarian assumes that a living person, regardless of sex, age, or physical condition, will always be capable of having more children, thus allowing an interest to vest 21 years after all the lives in being at the time of the grant are dead. Couples have been known to marry in their late eighties.^[1]

In certain places this assumption will be limited to a fixed age set by statute. Furthermore, many jurisdictions have discarded old common-law fictions such as the "fertile octogenarian."

A related legal fiction, which assumes that a living person is fertile at birth, is known as the precocious toddler.

The unborn widow [edit]

The unborn widow poses a similar seemingly silly but logical problem. Suppose that property is left "to A for life, then to his widow for life, then to A's issue." Because the gift to A's widow cannot be resolved until A dies, the law will consider the possibility that, after the property is left to A, he marries a woman who was not born at the time the gift was made. For instance, it is possible that in 1950 the property is left to A, in 1955 a woman B is born, and in 1975 A and B marry each other. Furthermore, it is possible that A will die, say in 1980, and his widow B will outlive him for more than 21 years. Suppose that she dies in 2005. B was not a life in being at the time of the transfer, and the only remaining "validating life" under the rule against perpetuities is A, who has been dead for 25 years by this time. The gift to A's issue does not vest until his widow dies, and since that could theoretically happen more than 21 years after the death of all lives in being at the time of the transfer, the transfer to A's issue is invalid from the start. Note that changing the word "issue" to "children" makes the gift valid, since the class of "A's children" is closed and completely cognizable at the time of A's death (plus a gestation period as allowed by the rule). On the contrary, the class of "A's issue" is subject to expand long after A's death, and thus a gift to A's issue cannot vest in this case until B dies. Because her death is assumed to be more than 21 years after A's death, the result is that the gift to A's issue can vest more than 21 years after the end of all lives in being at the time the gift was created.

The problem of the unborn widow is a frequently used illustration of the Rule's complexities. Suppose that a woman, A, wants to devise her estate to her son B and his wife, and then to their children.

A's devise might look something like this:

To B for his life, then to his widow, if any, for life, then to B's children then living.

The rule against perpetuities voids the interest to B's children then living. (However, if the phrase then living is removed, the interest would vest immediately upon B's death because both his widow and all his children would be identifiable at that time.)

Though this seems like a reasonable devise, it actually violates the Rule because there is a possibility, however remote, that the interest to "B's children then living" will vest more than 21 years after the deaths of all lives in being.

Suppose B is married without children at the time of the devise. Suppose further that B's wife were to die or B were to divorce. If B were to remarry to someone who was born after the devise, the new wife would not be a life in being at the time of the devise. Similarly, any children born to B and his new wife would also not be lives in being at the time of the devise. If B's new wife were to outlive him (making her his widow) and survive him by more than 21 years, then the interest to "B's children then living" would not vest until after the perpetuities period expired (21 years after the death of B, the only relevant life in being at the time of the devise), because only upon the death of the widow can one ascertain who are "B's children then living."

Alternately, if B is not married at the time of the devise and B were to get married afterwards, again the wife could not be a life in being since she is not identifiable at the time of the devise. Similarly to the previous case, she could outlive B by more than 21 years, voiding the grant to their children (who also could not be lives in being because they would have been born after the devise was made).

However, if the last interest were simply to B's children, rather than to B's children then living, it would vest upon B's death because at that time all of B's children would be ascertainable. In this instance, the devise would be valid under the Rule.

Other examples [edit]

Other hypothetically relevant possibilities which almost never actually occur but have been invoked by lawyers or courts to invalidate transfers under the rule against perpetuities include the slothful executor (a situation where the executor of the estate does not probate the will for many years after the testator's death), the magical gravel pit (a transfer to be made as soon as a gravel pit is out of gravel may not vest for hundreds of years), the war that never ends (a transfer to be made at the end of a war might never happen), and other similar situations.

Criticism and humor [edit]

Because these hypothetical scenarios show how a reasonable gift can be voided based on so unlikely an outcome, they have generated much criticism among legal scholars, resulting in the abrogation of the rule against perpetuities by statute in many jurisdictions. Many U.S. States have adopted laws mollifying the application of the rule by requiring courts to "wait and see" for a period of years, sometimes as long as 360 years (which effectively negates the possibility of litigation ensuing during the life of any person alive at the same time of the author of the will).

Some jurisdictions have ameliorated specific problems of the rule by creating statutory presumptions to counter those problems. Under such statutes, for example, a woman is presumed to no longer be fertile after a particular age (typically 55), and a gift to a person's widow or widower is presumed to vest in whoever was that person's spouse at the time of the gift.

These rules have also long been a target of legal humorists.

References [edit]

^ Yahoo News "Maine couple, ages 88 and 87, get married". Associated Press. November 16, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.

External links [edit]

Categories:

draw (drô)

v. drew (dr

), drawn (drôn), draw·ing, draws

v.tr.

a. To cause to move after or toward one by applying continuous force; drag: drew the chair closer to the table; a team of horses drawing a wagon. See Synonyms at pull.

b. To cause to move in a given direction or to a given position, as by leading: The teacher drew the children into the room to see the decorations.

c. To move or pull so as to cover or uncover something: draw the curtains.

2. To cause to flow forth: a pump drawing water; a blow that drew blood.

3. To suck or take in (air, for example); inhale.

4. To require (a specified depth of water) for floating: a boat drawing 18 inches.

5. To take or pull out: drew a gun from beneath the counter; drew out a fat wallet.

a. To extract or take for one's own use: draw strength from one's friends.

b. To make (tea) by steeping.

7. To eviscerate; disembowel.

a. To cause to come by attracting; attract: afraid the casino will draw undesirable elements to the town.

b. To select or take in from a given group, type, or region: draw clients from all levels of society.

9. To bring to a certain condition or action; lead: drawn to despair; drew them to resign.

10. To bring about deliberately; provoke: draw enemy fire; draw a penalty on an opponent.

11. To evoke as a response; elicit: a performance that drew jeers from the audience.

12. To earn; gain: deposits that draw interest at a rate of 5 percent.

13.

a. To withdraw (money).

b. To use (a check, for example) when paying.

c. To receive on a regular basis or at a specified time: draw a pension.

14. To take or receive by chance: draw lots.

15. Games

a. To take (cards) from a dealer or central stack.

b. To force (a card) to be played.

16. To end or leave (a contest) tied or undecided.

17. Sports

a. To hit or strike (a billiard ball, for example) so as to give it backspin.

b. To hit (a golf ball) with a draw.

18. To pull back the string of (a bow).

19. To distort the shape of.

20. To stretch taut.

21.

a. To flatten, stretch, or mold (metal) by hammering or die stamping.

b. To shape or elongate (a wire, for example) by pulling through dies.

22.

a. To inscribe (a line or lines) with a pencil or other marking implement.

b. To make a likeness of on a surface, using mostly lines; depict with lines: drew a map of the area; drawing landscapes and still lifes.

c. To portray in writing or speech; depict with words: draws moving scenes of ghetto life.

23. To formulate or devise from evidence or data at hand: draw a comparison.

24. To compose or write out in legal format: draw a deed.

v.intr.

1. To proceed or move steadily: a ship drawing near the shore.

2. To attract customers or spectators: The new play is drawing well.

3. To pour forth liquid: The patient's veins don't draw easily.

4. To cause suppuration.

5. To take in a draft of air: The flue isn't drawing.

6. To steep in or as if in the manner of tea.

7. To pull out a weapon for use.

8. To use or call upon part of a fund or supply: drawing on an account; drew from the experience of fellow workers.

9. To contract or tighten: material that draws when it dries.

10. To conclude a contest without either side winning; tie: The chess players drew in 32 moves.

11. To make a likeness with lines on a surface; sketch.

a. An act of drawing.

b. The result of drawing.

2. Something drawn, especially a lot, card, or cards drawn at random.

3. Sports & Games

a. The arrangement of competitors in a tournament in which the match-ups are made at random.

b. A match-up or opponent in such a tournament.

4. An inhalation, especially through a pipe or other smoking implement.

5. One that attracts interest, customers, or spectators: a singer who is a popular draw.

6. The movable part of a drawbridge.

7. A special advantage; an edge: have the draw on one's enemies.

8. A contest ending without either side winning.

9. A small natural depression that water drains into; a shallow gully.

10. Football A play in which the quarterback drops back as if to pass and then hands off to a running back.

11. Sports A face-off.

12.

a. Games A draw shot.

b. Sports A moderate, usually controlled hook in golf.

Phrasal Verbs:

draw away

To move ahead of competitors.

draw back

To retreat.

draw down

To deplete by consuming or spending: drew down our food reserves.

draw on

To approach: as evening draws on.

draw out

1. To prolong; protract.

2. To induce to speak freely: managed to draw the shy child out.

draw up

1. To compose or write in a set form; write out: draw up a contract; draw up a list.

2. To bring (troops, for example) into order.

3. To bring or come to a halt.

4. To bring (oneself) into an erect posture, often as an expression of dignity or indignation.

5. Chiefly Southern U.S. To shrink when washed. Used of clothes.

Idioms:

draw a blank

To fail to find or remember something.

draw and quarter

1. To execute (a prisoner) by tying each limb to a horse and driving the horses in different directions.

2. To disembowel and dismember after hanging.

3. Informal To punish severely: The teenager was drawn and quartered for wrecking the family's only car.

draw straws

To decide by a lottery with straws of unequal lengths.

draw the line

1. To decide firmly an arbitrary boundary between two things: "Where do you draw the line between your own decisions and those of your superiors?" (Robert Marion).

2. To decide firmly the limit of what one will tolerate or participate in: The officer committed fraud but drew the line at blackmail.

[Middle English drauen, from Old English dragan.]

draw [drɔː]

vb draws, drawing, drew, drawn

1. to cause (a person or thing) to move towards or away by pulling

2. to bring, take, or pull (something) out, as from a drawer, holster, etc.

3. (tr) to extract or pull or take out to draw teeth to draw a card from a pack

4. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) (tr; often foll by off) to take (liquid) out of a cask, keg, tank, etc., by means of a tap

5. (intr) to move, go, or proceed, esp in a specified direction to draw alongside

6. (tr) to attract or elicit to draw a crowd draw attention

7. (tr) to cause to flow to draw blood

8. to depict or sketch (a form, figure, picture, etc.) in lines, as with a pencil or pen, esp without the use of colour; delineate

9. (tr) to make, formulate, or derive to draw conclusions, comparisons, parallels

10. (Law) (tr) to write (a legal document) in proper form

11. (tr; sometimes foll by in) to suck or take in (air, liquid, etc.) to draw a breath

12. (intr) to induce or allow a draught to carry off air, smoke, etc. the flue draws well

13. (tr) to take or receive from a source to draw money from the bank

14. (tr) to earn draw interest

15. (Economics, Accounting & Finance / Banking & Finance) (tr) Finance to write out (a bill of exchange or promissory note) to draw a cheque

16. (tr) to choose at random to draw lots

17. (Engineering / Metallurgy) (tr) to reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die

18. (Engineering / Mechanical Engineering) (tr) to shape (a sheet of metal or glass) by rolling, by pulling it through a die or by stretching

19. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Archery) Archery to bend (a bow) by pulling the string

20. (Cookery) to steep (tea) or (of tea) to steep in boiling water

21. (Cookery) (tr) to disembowel draw a chicken

22. (Medicine) (tr) to cause (pus, blood, etc.) to discharge from an abscess or wound

23. (General Sporting Terms) (intr) (of two teams, contestants, etc.) to finish a game with an equal number of points, goals, etc.; tie

24. (Group Games / Card Games) (tr) Bridge Whist to keep leading a suit in order to force out (all outstanding cards)

(Group Games / Bridge)

draw trumps Bridge Whist to play the trump suit until the opponents have none left

26. (Group Games / Billiards & Snooker) (tr) Billiards to cause (the cue ball) to spin back after a direct impact with another ball by applying backspin when making the stroke

27. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Hunting) (tr) to search (a place) in order to find wild animals, game, etc., for hunting

28. (Individual Sports & Recreations) Golf to cause (a golf ball) to move with a controlled right-to-left trajectory or (of a golf ball) to veer gradually from right to left

29. (Team Sports / Curling) (tr) Curling to deliver (the stone) gently

30. (Transport / Nautical Terms) (tr) Nautical (of a vessel) to require (a certain depth) in which to float

draw (a) blank to get no results from something

(Law)

draw and quarter to disembowel and dismember (a person) after hanging

(Team Sports / Cricket)

draw stumps Cricket to close play, as by pulling out the stumps

draw the line (at) See line¹ [51]

draw the short straw See short straw

(Individual Sports & Recreations / Bowls & Bowling)

draw the shot Bowls to deliver the bowl in such a way that it approaches the jack

1. the act of drawing

2. (Economics, Accounting & Finance / Banking & Finance) US a sum of money advanced to finance anticipated expenses

3. an event, occasion, act, etc., that attracts a large audience

4. a raffle or lottery

5. something taken or chosen at random, as a ticket in a raffle or lottery

6. (General Sporting Terms) a contest or game ending in a tie

7. (Earth Sciences / Physical Geography) US and Canadian a small natural drainage way or gully

8. (Engineering / Metallurgy) a defect found in metal castings due to the contraction of the metal on solidification See also drawback, draw in, draw off, draw on, draw out, draw up

[Old English dragan; related to Old Norse draga; Old Frisian draga, Old Saxon dragan, Old High German tragan to carry]

drawable adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

draw (drɔ)

v. drew, drawn, draw•ing,
n. v.t.

1. to cause to move in a particular direction by or as if by a pulling force; pull; drag (often fol. by along, away, in, out, or off).

2. to pull down or over so as to cover, or to pull up or aside so as to uncover: Draw the curtain. He drew the blanket over him.

3. to bring, take, or pull out, as from a receptacle or source: to draw water from a well; to draw blood from a vein.

4. to bring toward oneself or itself, as by inherent force; attract: The sale drew large crowds.

5. to sketch, render, or trace (figures or objects), as with lines or tones: to draw a vase with charcoal.

6. to compose or create (a picture) with lines, tones, or color.

7. to depict or delineate, as with words: to draw a character with skill and humor.

8. to mark or lay out; trace: to draw perpendicular lines.

9. to frame or formulate: to draw a distinction.

10. to write out in legal form (sometimes fol. by up): Draw up the contract.

11. to inhale or suck in: to draw liquid through a straw.

12. to derive or use: to draw strength from prayer.

13. to deduce; infer: to draw a conclusion.

14. to get, take, or receive: to draw a salary of $600 a week.

15. to withdraw (funds) from an account.

16. to write (a check) so as to take money from an account (often fol. by on or against).

17. to produce; bring in: The deposits draw interest.

18. to disembowel: to draw a turkey.

19. to pull out to full or greater length; stretch: to draw filaments of molten glass.

20. to bend by pulling back the string in preparation for shooting an arrow: to draw a bow.

21.

a. to choose or have assigned to one by or as if by lottery: to draw kitchen duty.

b. to pick unseen or at random, as from among marked slips of paper or numbered tickets: to draw straws to see who wins.

22. Metalworking. to form or reduce the sectional area of (a wire, tube, etc.) by pulling through a die.

23. to wrinkle or shrink by contraction.

24. Med. to cause to discharge: to draw an abscess by a poultice.

25. (of a vessel) to need (a specific depth of water) to float.

26. to finish (a contest) with neither side winning; tie.

27.

a. to take or be dealt (a playing card or cards) from the pack.

b. (in bridge) to remove the outstanding cards in (a suit) by leading.

28. (in billiards) to cause (a cue ball) to recoil after impact by administering a backward spin on the stroke.

29. to steep (tea) in boiling water.

v.i.

30. to exert a pulling, moving, or attracting force.

31. to move or pass, esp. slowly or continuously, as under a pulling force: The day draws near.

32. to take out a sword, pistol, etc., for action.

33. to hold a drawing, lottery, or the like: to draw for prizes.

34. to sketch or to trace figures; create a picture or depict an image by drawing.

35. to be skilled in or practice the art of drawing.

36. to shrink or contract (often fol. by up).

37. to make a demand (usu. fol. by on or upon): to draw on one's imagination.

38.

a. to act as an irritant; cause blisters.

b. to cause blood, pus, or the like to gather at a specific point.

39. to produce or permit a draft, as a flue.

40. to leave a contest undecided; tie.

41. to attract customers, an audience, etc.

42. to pull back the string of a bow in preparation for shooting an arrow.

43. draw away,

a. to move away.

b. to move farther ahead: One runner drew away from the pack.

44. draw in,

a. to cause to take part or enter, esp. unwittingly: This is your fight; don't draw me in.

b. to make a sketch or drawing of: to draw in a human figure against the landscape.

45. draw off, to move back or away.

46. draw on,

a. to come nearer; approach: Winter was drawing on.

b. to clothe oneself in: to draw on one's gloves.

c. to utilize or make use of, esp. as a source: The article draws heavily on gossip.

47. draw out,

a. to pull out; remove.

b. to prolong.

c. to persuade to speak.

d. to take (money) from a place of deposit.

48. draw up,

a. to draft, esp. in legal form or as a formal proposal.

b. to put into position; arrange in order or formation.

c. to bring or come to a stop; halt: The bus drew up at the curb.

49. an act of drawing.

50. something that attracts customers, an audience, etc.

51. something that is moved by being drawn, as the movable part of a drawbridge.

52. something that is chosen or drawn at random, as a lot or chance.

53. drawing (defs. 7, 8).

54. a contest that ends in a tie.

55. Also called draw play. a football play in which the quarterback fades as if to pass and then hands the ball to a back who is running toward the line of scrimmage.

56.

a. draw poker.

b. (in poker) a card or cards taken or dealt from the pack.

57.

a. a small, natural drainageway with a shallow bed; gully.

b. the dry bed of a stream.

c. Chiefly Western U.S. a coulee; ravine.

58. the pull necessary to draw a bow to its full extent.

Idioms:

1. beat to the draw, to react more quickly than (an opponent).

2. draw oneself up, to assume an erect posture.

[before 900; Old English dragan; c. Old Norse draga to draw, Old High German tragan to carry; compare drag]

draw - The billiard ball's recoil after impact.

See also related terms for impact.

Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	draw - a gully that is shallower than a ravine gully - deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)
	2.	draw - an entertainer who attracts large audiences; "he was the biggest drawing card they had" attracter, attractor, drawing card, attraction entertainer - a person who tries to please or amuse
	3.	draw - the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided; "the game ended in a draw"; "their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie" standoff, tie finish - designated event that concludes a contest (especially a race); "excitement grew as the finish neared"; "my horse was several lengths behind at the finish"; "the winner is the team with the most points at the finish" dead heat - a tie in a race stalemate - drawing position in chess: any of a player's possible moves would place his king in check
	4.	draw - anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random; "the luck of the draw"; "they drew lots for it" lot object, physical object - a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"
	5.	draw - a playing card or cards dealt or taken from the pack; "he got a pair of kings in the draw" playing card - one of a pack of cards that are used to play card games
	6.	draw - a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer; "he took lessons to cure his hooking" hooking, hook golf shot, golf stroke, swing - the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it
	7.	draw - (American football) the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage draw play American football, American football game - a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays running, running game, running play, run - (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"
	8.	draw - poker in which a player can discard cards and receive substitutes from the dealer; "he played only draw and stud" draw poker poker game, poker - any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand
	9.	draw - the act of drawing or hauling something; "the haul up the hill went very slowly" haul, haulage pull, pulling - the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; "the pull up the hill had him breathing harder"; "his strenuous pulling strained his back" tow, towage - the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope; "the truck gave him a tow to the garage"
Verb	1.	draw - cause to move by pulling; "draw a wagon"; "pull a sled" pull, force twitch - move or pull with a sudden motion pull back - move to a rearward position; pull towards the back; "Pull back your arms!" adduct - draw a limb towards the body; "adduct the thigh muscle" abduct - pull away from the body; "this muscle abducts" stretch - pull in opposite directions; "During the Inquisition, the torturers would stretch their victims on a rack" pluck, plunk, pick - pull lightly but sharply with a plucking motion; "he plucked the strings of his mandolin" tug - pull or strain hard at; "Each oar was tugged by several men" drag - pull, as against a resistance; "He dragged the big suitcase behind him"; "These worries were dragging at him" cart, haul, drag, hale - draw slowly or heavily; "haul stones"; "haul nets" attract, pull in, draw in, pull, draw - direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes; "Her good looks attract the stares of many men"; "The ad pulled in many potential customers"; "This pianist pulls huge crowds"; "The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new customers" jerk, yank - pull, or move with a sudden movement; "He turned the handle and jerked the door open" winch - pull or lift up with or as if with a winch; "winch up the slack line" pluck, pull off, tweak, pick off - pull or pull out sharply; "pluck the flowers off the bush" pull - apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion; "Pull the rope"; "Pull the handle towards you"; "pull the string gently"; "pull the trigger of the gun"; "pull your knees towards your chin" move, displace - cause to move or shift into a new position or place, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; "Move those boxes into the corner, please"; "I'm moving my money to another bank"; "The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant" pull, draw - cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense; "A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter"
	2.	draw - get or derive; "He drew great benefits from his membership in the association" reap draw - elicit responses, such as objections, criticism, applause, etc.; "The President's comments drew sharp criticism from the Republicans"; "The comedian drew a lot of laughter" gain, derive - obtain; "derive pleasure from one's garden"
	3.	draw - make a mark or lines on a surface; "draw a line"; "trace the outline of a figure in the sand" trace, describe, line, delineate mark - make or leave a mark on; "the scouts marked the trail"; "ash marked the believers' foreheads" construct - draw with suitable instruments and under specified conditions; "construct an equilateral triangle" inscribe - draw within a figure so as to touch in as many places as possible circumscribe - draw a line around; "He drew a circle around the points" circumscribe - to draw a geometric figure around another figure so that the two are in contact but do not intersect draw - engage in drawing; "He spent the day drawing in the garden" draw - represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface; "She drew an elephant"; "Draw me a horse" write - mark or trace on a surface; "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper"; "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet"
	4.	draw - make, formulate, or derive in the mind; "I draw a line here"; "draw a conclusion"; "draw parallels"; "make an estimate"; "What do you make of his remarks?" make make - calculate as being; "I make the height about 100 feet" create by mental act, create mentally - create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands
	5.	draw - bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover; "draw a weapon"; "pull out a gun"; "The mugger pulled a knife on his victim" pull out, get out, pull, take out remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment" pull - take away; "pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf" extract, pull out, pull up, draw out, take out, pull - remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense; "pull weeds"; "extract a bad tooth"; "take out a splinter"; "extract information from the telegram" unsheathe - draw from a sheath or scabbard; "the knight unsheathed his sword" draw, take out - take liquid out of a container or well; "She drew water from the barrel"
	6.	draw - represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface; "She drew an elephant"; "Draw me a horse" artistic creation, artistic production, art - the creation of beautiful or significant things; "art does not need to be innovative to be good"; "I was never any good at art"; "he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully" trace, describe, draw, line, delineate - make a mark or lines on a surface; "draw a line"; "trace the outline of a figure in the sand" interpret, represent - create an image or likeness of; "The painter represented his wife as a young girl" pencil - write, draw, or trace with a pencil; "he penciled a figure" limn, outline, delineate - trace the shape of rule - mark or draw with a ruler; "rule the margins" chalk - write, draw, or trace with chalk project - draw a projection of crayon - write, draw, or trace with a crayon checker, chequer, check - mark into squares or draw squares on; draw crossed lines on charcoal - draw, trace, or represent with charcoal doodle - make a doodle; draw aimlessly diagram, plot - make a schematic or technical drawing of that shows interactions among variables or how something is constructed cartoon - draw cartoons of fill in, shade - represent the effect of shade or shadow on chalk out, sketch - make a sketch of; "sketch the building"
	7.	draw - take liquid out of a container or well; "She drew water from the barrel" take out remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment" milk - take milk from female mammals; "Cows need to be milked every morning" pump - draw or pour with a pump siphon, siphon off, syphon - convey, draw off, or empty by or as if by a siphon sluice - draw through a sluice; "sluice water" tap - draw (liquor) from a tap; "tap beer in a bar" suck - draw something in by or as if by a vacuum; "Mud was sucking at her feet" rack - draw off from the lees; "rack wine" deglycerolise, deglycerolize - remove from glycerol pull out, draw, get out, pull, take out - bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover; "draw a weapon"; "pull out a gun"; "The mugger pulled a knife on his victim" draw off, take out, withdraw, draw - remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); "She drew $2,000 from the account"; "The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank" draw - allow a draft; "This chimney draws very well" educe, elicit, evoke, extract, draw out - deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning); "We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant"
	8.	draw - give a description of; "He drew an elaborate plan of attack" describe, depict represent - describe or present, usually with respect to a particular quality; "He represented this book as an example of the Russian 19th century novel" delineate - describe in vivid detail exposit, set forth, expound - state; "set forth one's reasons" adumbrate, outline, sketch - describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of; "sketch the outline of the book"; "outline his ideas"
	9.	draw - select or take in from a given group or region; "The participants in the experiment were drawn from a representative population" choose, pick out, select, take - pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; "Take any one of these cards"; "Choose a good husband for your daughter"; "She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her"
	10.	draw - elicit responses, such as objections, criticism, applause, etc.; "The President's comments drew sharp criticism from the Republicans"; "The comedian drew a lot of laughter" arouse, elicit, evoke, provoke, enkindle, kindle, fire, raise - call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); "arouse pity"; "raise a smile"; "evoke sympathy" draw, reap - get or derive; "He drew great benefits from his membership in the association"
	11.	draw - suck in or take (air); "draw a deep breath"; "draw on a cigarette" puff, drag breathe in, inhale, inspire - draw in (air); "Inhale deeply"; "inhale the fresh mountain air"; "The patient has trouble inspiring"; "The lung cancer patient cannot inspire air very well"
	12.	draw - move or go steadily or gradually; "The ship drew near the shore" go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast"
	13.	draw - remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); "She drew $2,000 from the account"; "The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank" draw off, take out, withdraw remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment" draw, take out - take liquid out of a container or well; "She drew water from the barrel" cheque, check out - withdraw money by writing a check dip - take a small amount from; "I had to dip into my savings to buy him this present" hive off, divert - withdraw (money) and move into a different location, often secretly and with dishonest intentions overdraw - draw more money from than is available; "She overdrew her account" tap - draw from or dip into to get something; "tap one's memory"; "tap a source of money" disinvest, divest - reduce or dispose of; cease to hold (an investment); "The company decided to divest"; "the board of trustees divested $20 million in real estate property"; "There was pressure on the university to disinvest in South Africa"
	14.	draw - choose at random; "draw a card"; "cast lots" cast move, go - have a turn; make one's move in a game; "Can I go now?"
	15.	draw - earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher; "He drew a base on balls" get baseball, baseball game - a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on every empty lot"; "there was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!" effect, effectuate, set up - produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave"
	16.	draw - bring or lead someone to a certain action or condition; "She was drawn to despair"; "The President refused to be drawn into delivering an ultimatum"; "The session was drawn to a close" alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"
	17.	draw - cause to flow; "The nurse drew blood" draw - cause to localize at one point; "Draw blood and pus" remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment"
	18.	draw - write a legal document or paper; "The deed was drawn in the lawyer's office" indite, pen, write, compose - produce a literary work; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels" draw up, frame, compose - make up plans or basic details for; "frame a policy"
	19.	draw - engage in drawing; "He spent the day drawing in the garden" trace, describe, draw, line, delineate - make a mark or lines on a surface; "draw a line"; "trace the outline of a figure in the sand" create - pursue a creative activity; be engaged in a creative activity; "Don't disturb him--he is creating"
	20.	draw - move or pull so as to cover or uncover something; "draw the shades"; "draw the curtains" close, shut - move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut; "Close the door"; "shut the window"
	21.	draw - allow a draft; "This chimney draws very well" draw, take out - take liquid out of a container or well; "She drew water from the barrel" be - have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
	22.	draw - require a specified depth for floating; "This boat draws 70 inches" necessitate, need, require, call for, demand, postulate, involve, ask, take - require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"; "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"; "This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"; "This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent"
	23.	draw - pull (a person) apart with four horses tied to his extremities, so as to execute him; "in the old days, people were drawn and quartered for certain crimes" draw and quarter, quarter kill - cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank"; "The farmer killed a pig for the holidays"
	24.	draw - cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense; "A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter" pull draw, pull, force - cause to move by pulling; "draw a wagon"; "pull a sled" move, displace - cause to move or shift into a new position or place, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; "Move those boxes into the corner, please"; "I'm moving my money to another bank"; "The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant"
	25.	draw - take in, also metaphorically; "The sponge absorbs water well"; "She drew strength from the minister's words" imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, absorb, suck, take up, take in mop, mop up, wipe up - to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop; "Mop the hallway now"; "He mopped her forehead with a towel" blot - dry (ink) with blotting paper sponge up - absorb as if with a sponge; "sponge up the spilled milk on the counter" suck in, draw in - draw in as if by suction; "suck in your cheeks and stomach" attract, pull in, draw in, pull, draw - direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes; "Her good looks attract the stares of many men"; "The ad pulled in many potential customers"; "This pianist pulls huge crowds"; "The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new customers"
	26.	draw - direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes; "Her good looks attract the stares of many men"; "The ad pulled in many potential customers"; "This pianist pulls huge crowds"; "The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new customers" attract, pull in, draw in, pull draw, pull, force - cause to move by pulling; "draw a wagon"; "pull a sled" tug - pull hard; "The prisoner tugged at the chains"; "This movie tugs at the heart strings" arrest, catch, get - attract and fix; "His look caught her"; "She caught his eye"; "Catch the attention of the waiter" draw in, retract - pull inward or towards a center; "The pilot drew in the landing gear"; "The cat retracted his claws" bring - attract the attention of; "The noise and the screaming brought the curious" curl up, curl, draw in - shape one's body into a curl; "She curled farther down under the covers"; "She fell and drew in"
	27.	draw - thread on or as if on a string; "string pearls on a string"; "the child drew glass beads on a string"; "thread dried cranberries" string, thread guide, pass, run, draw - pass over, across, or through; "He ran his eyes over her body"; "She ran her fingers along the carved figurine"; "He drew her hair through his fingers" bead - string together like beads arrange, set up - put into a proper or systematic order; "arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order" wire - string on a wire; "wire beads"
	28.	draw - stretch back a bowstring (on an archer's bow); "The archers were drawing their bows" pull back pull back - move to a rearward position; pull towards the back; "Pull back your arms!" stretch - pull in opposite directions; "During the Inquisition, the torturers would stretch their victims on a rack"
	29.	draw - pass over, across, or through; "He ran his eyes over her body"; "She ran her fingers along the carved figurine"; "He drew her hair through his fingers" guide, pass, run rub - move over something with pressure; "rub my hands"; "rub oil into her skin" string, thread, draw - thread on or as if on a string; "string pearls on a string"; "the child drew glass beads on a string"; "thread dried cranberries" thread - pass through or into; "thread tape"; "thread film" thread - pass a thread through; "thread a needle" lead, run - cause something to pass or lead somewhere; "Run the wire behind the cabinet"
	30.	draw - finish a game with an equal number of points, goals, etc.; "The teams drew a tie" tie equalise, equalize, equate, equal, match - make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching; "let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office"; "The company matched the discount policy of its competitors"
	31.	draw - contract; "The material drew after it was washed in hot water" change form, change shape, deform - assume a different shape or form pucker, rumple, cockle, crumple, knit - to gather something into small wrinkles or folds; "She puckered her lips"
	32.	draw - reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; "draw wire" draw - flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching; "draw steel" draw - steep; pass through a strainer; "draw pulp from the fruit" thin - make thin or thinner; "Thin the solution"
	33.	draw - steep; pass through a strainer; "draw pulp from the fruit" steep, infuse - let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse; "steep the blossoms in oil"; "steep the fruit in alcohol" draw - reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; "draw wire"
	34.	draw - remove the entrails of; "draw a chicken" disembowel, eviscerate remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment"
	35.	draw - flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching; "draw steel" shape, form - give shape or form to; "shape the dough"; "form the young child's character" draw - reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; "draw wire"
	36.	draw - cause to localize at one point; "Draw blood and pus" suppurate, mature - cause to ripen and discharge pus; "The oil suppurates the pustules" draw - cause to flow; "The nurse drew blood" localise, localize - restrict something to a particular area

draw

verb

1. sketch, design, outline, trace, portray, paint, depict, mark out, map out, delineate, do drawings Draw a rough design for a logo.

2. move, go, come, drive, travel, roll, advance, cruise, proceed, drift, glide She had seen the taxi drawing away.

3. pull, drag, haul, tow, tug He drew his chair nearer the fire.

4. close, shut, pull together, pull shut or closed After drawing the curtains, she lit a candle.

5. part, open, raise, pull back, pull open He drew the curtains and the sun poured in.

6. take out, pull out, bring out, draw out, produce, withdraw He drew his dagger.

7. inhale, breathe in, pull, inspire, suck, respire He paused, drawing a deep breath.

8. extract, take, remove, pump, drain, suck They still have to draw their water from wells.

9. withdraw, take out Companies could not draw money from bank accounts as cash.

10. choose, pick, select, take, single out We drew the winning name.

11. deduce, make, gather, get, take, conclude, derive, infer, glean He draws two conclusions from this.

12. attract, capture, engage, grip He wanted to draw attention to their plight.

13. entice, attract, pull in, win, bring in The game is currently drawing huge crowds

14. take out, pull out, extract, extort She had gone to Doctor Dougall to have a bad tooth drawn.

noun

1. tie, deadlock, stalemate, impasse, dead heat The game ended in a draw.

2. raffle, lottery, sweepstake, tombola I hear you won a case of whisky in the Christmas draw.

3. (Informal) appeal, interest, pull (informal), charm, attraction, lure, temptation, fascination, attractiveness, allure, magnetism, enchantment, enticement, captivation, temptingness The draw of India lies in its beauty.

draw back recoil, withdraw, retreat, shrink, falter, back off, shy away, flinch, retract, quail, start back I drew back with a horrified scream.

draw on or upon something make use of, use, employ, rely on, exploit, extract, take from, fall back on, have recourse to He drew on his experience as a yachtsman.

draw someone out persuade someone to talk, put someone at their ease Her mother tried to draw her out.

draw something out stretch out, prolong, continue, extend, lengthen, spin out, elongate, drag out, attenuate, protract, keep something going, make something go on She drew the speech out interminably.

draw something up draft, write, produce, create, prepare, frame, compose, devise, formulate, contrive They drew up a formal agreement.

draw up halt, stop, pull up, park, brake, stop short, come to a stop, come to a standstill A police car drew up at the gate.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

Translations

Select a language: -----------------------

draw (droː) – past tense drew (druː) : past participle drawn – verb

1. to make a picture or pictures (of), usually with a pencil, crayons etc. During his stay in hospital he drew a great deal; Shall I draw a cow?

2. to pull along, out or towards oneself. She drew the child towards her; He drew a gun suddenly and fired; All water had to be drawn from a well; The cart was drawn by a pony.

3. to move (towards or away from someone or something). The car drew away from the kerb; Christmas is drawing closer.

4. to play (a game) in which neither side wins. The match was drawn / We drew at 1–1.

5. to obtain (money) from a fund, bank etc. to draw a pension / an allowance.

6. to open or close (curtains).

7. to attract. She was trying to draw my attention to something.

noun

1. a drawn game. The match ended in a draw.

2. an attraction. The acrobats' act should be a real draw.

3. the selecting of winning tickets in a raffle, lottery etc. a prize draw.

4. an act of drawing, especially a gun. He's quick on the draw.

ˈdrawing noun

(the art of making) a picture made with a pencil, crayon etc. the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci; I am no good at drawing.

drawn adjective

1. (of curtains) pulled together or closed. The curtains were drawn, although it was still daylight.

2. (of a game etc) neither won nor lost. a drawn match.

3. (of a blade etc) pulled out of its sheath. a drawn sword.

4. (of a person) strained and tired. His face was pale and drawn.

ˈdrawback noun

a disadvantage. There are several drawbacks to his plan.

ˈdrawbridge noun

a bridge (at the entrance to a castle) which can be pulled up or let down.

ˈdrawing-pin noun

(American ˈthumbtack) a pin with a broad, flat head used for fastening paper to a board etc.

ˈdrawstring noun

a cord threaded through the top of a bag etc for closing it.

draw a blank

to be unsuccessful in a search, inquiry etc.

draw a conclusion from

to come to a conclusion after thinking about (what one has learned). Don't draw any hasty conclusions from what I've said!

draw in

(of a car etc) to come to a halt at the side of the road.

draw the line

to fix a limit especially for what one is prepared to do.

draw/cast lots

to decide who is to do etc something by drawing names out of a box etc. Five of us drew lots for the two pop-concert tickets.

draw off

to pour out (liquid) from a large container. The barman drew off a pint of beer.

draw on

to use (money, strength, memory etc) as a source. I'll have to draw on my savings.

draw on

1. to pull on. He drew on his gloves.

2. to come nearer. Night drew on.

draw out

1. to take (money) from a bank. I drew out $40 yesterday.

2. to make longer. We drew out the journey as much as we could but we still arrived early.

3. (of a car etc) to move into the middle of the road from the side.

draw up

1. (of a car etc) to stop. We drew up outside their house.

2. to arrange in an acceptable form or order. They drew up the soldiers in line; The solicitor drew up a contract for them to sign.

3. to move closer. Draw up a chair!

4. to extend (oneself) into an upright position. He drew himself up to his full height.

long drawn out

going on for a long time. The meeting was long drawn out; a long-drawn-out meeting/scream.

draw →

페이지

글 목록

Attorney Lee's related hompages link

프로필