2013년 5월 1일 수요일

still¹ (st

adj. still·er, still·est

1. Free of sound.

2. Low in sound; hushed or subdued.

3. Not moving or in motion.

4. Free from disturbance, agitation, or commotion.

5. Free from a noticeable current: a still pond; still waters.

6. Not carbonated; lacking effervescence: a still wine.

7. Of or relating to a single or static photograph as opposed to a movie.

1. Silence; quiet: the still of the night.

2. A still photograph, especially one taken from a scene of a movie and used for promotional purposes.

3. A still-life picture.

adv.

1. Without movement; motionlessly: stand still.

a. At the present time; for the present: We are still waiting.

b. Up to or at a specified time; yet: still had not made up her mind.

c. At a future time; eventually: may still see the error of his ways.

3. In increasing amount or degree; even: and still further complaints.

4. In addition; besides: had still another helping.

5. All the same; nevertheless.

v. stilled, still·ing, stills

v.tr.

1. To make still or tranquil.

2. To make quiet; silence.

3. To make motionless.

4. To allay; calm: The parents stilled their child's fears of the dark.

v.intr.

To become still.

Idiom:

still and all

Informal After taking everything into consideration; nevertheless; however: Still and all, our objective can be achieved.

[Middle English, from Old English stille; see stel- in Indo-European roots.]

Synonyms: still¹, quiet, silent, noiseless, soundless
These adjectives mean marked by or making no sound, noise, or movement. Still implies lack of motion or disturbance and often connotes rest or tranquillity: "But after tempest . . . /There came a day as still as heaven"(Tennyson).
Quiet suggests the absence of bustle, tumult, or agitation: "life being very short, and the quiet hours of it few" (John Ruskin).
Silent can suggest a profound hush: "I like the silent church before the service begins" (Ralph Waldo Emerson).
Noiseless and soundless imply the absence of disturbing sound: "th' inaudible and noiseless foot of time" (Shakespeare). "the soundless footsteps on the grass" (John Galsworthy).

still² (st

1. An apparatus for distilling liquids, such as alcohols, consisting of a vessel in which the substance is vaporized by heat and a cooling device in which the vapor is condensed.

2. A distillery.

[From Middle English stillen, to distill, from distillen; see distill.]

still¹

adj

1. (usually predicative) motionless; stationary

2. undisturbed or tranquil; silent and calm

3. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) not sparkling or effervescent a still wine

4. gentle or quiet; subdued

5. (Medicine / Pathology) Obsolete (of a child) dead at birth

adv

1. continuing now or in the future as in the past do you still love me?

2. up to this or that time; yet I still don't know your name

3. (often used with a comparative) even or yet still more insults

4. quiet or without movement sit still

5. (Literature / Poetry) Poetic and dialect always

1. (Literature / Poetry) Poetic silence or tranquillity the still of the night

2. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Photography)

a. a still photograph, esp of a scene from a motion-picture film

b. (as modifier) a still camera

1. to make or become still, quiet, or calm

2. (tr) to allay or relieve her fears were stilled

sentence connector

even then; nevertheless the child has some new toys and still cries

[Old English stille; related to Old Saxon, Old High German stilli, Dutch stollen to curdle, Sanskrit sthānús immobile]

stillness n

still²

1. (Chemistry) an apparatus for carrying out distillation, consisting of a vessel in which a mixture is heated, a condenser to turn the vapour back to liquid, and a receiver to hold the distilled liquid, used esp in the manufacture of spirits

2. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) a place where spirits are made; distillery

[from Old French stiller to drip, from Latin stillāre, from stilla a drip; see distil]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

still¹ (stɪl)

adj. , still•er, still•est,
n., adv., conj., v. adj.

1. remaining in place or at rest; motionless; stationary: to stand still.

2. free from sound or noise.

3. subdued or low in sound; hushed.

4. free from turbulence or commotion; calm.

5. not flowing, as water.

6. not effervescent, as wine.

7. noting or used for making single photographs, as opposed to a motion picture.

8. calmness or silence: the still of the night.

9. a single photographic print, as one of the frames of a motion-picture film.

adv.

10. at this or that time; as previously: Are you still here?

11. up to this or that time; as yet.

12. in the future as in the past.

13. even; in addition; yet (used to emphasize a comparative): still greater riches.

14. even then; yet; nevertheless.

15. without sound or movement; quietly: Sit still!

16. at or to a greater distance or degree.

17. Archaic. steadily; constantly; always.

conj.

18. and yet; but yet; nevertheless: It was futile, still they fought.

v.t.

19. to silence or hush (sounds, voices, etc.).

20. to calm, appease, or allay.

21. to subdue or cause to subside.

v.i.

22. to become still or quiet.

Idioms:

still and all, nonetheless.

[before 900; Old English stille, c. Old High German stilli; (v.) Middle English styllen, Old English stillan; akin to stall¹]

still′ness, n.

syn: See but¹.

still² (stɪl)

n.

1. a distilling apparatus.

2. a distillery.

v.t., v.i.

3. to distill.

[1250–1300; (v.) Middle English stillen, aph. variant of distillen to distill; (n.) derivative of the v.]

Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	still - a static photograph (especially one taken from a movie and used for advertising purposes); "he wanted some stills for a magazine ad" photo, photograph, pic, exposure, picture - a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material
	2.	still - (poetic) tranquil silence; "the still of the night" hush, stillness silence, quiet - the absence of sound; "he needed silence in order to sleep"; "the street was quiet" poesy, poetry, verse - literature in metrical form
	3.	still - an apparatus used for the distillation of liquids; consists of a vessel in which a substance is vaporized by heat and a condenser where the vapor is condensed apparatus, setup - equipment designed to serve a specific function Coffey still - a still consisting of an apparatus for the fractional distillation of ethanol from fermentation on an industrial scale condenser - an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid retort - a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed by heat
	4.	still - a plant and works where alcoholic drinks are made by distillation distillery Coffey still - a still consisting of an apparatus for the fractional distillation of ethanol from fermentation on an industrial scale industrial plant, plant, works - buildings for carrying on industrial labor; "they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles" winery, wine maker - distillery where wine is made
Verb	1.	still - make calm or still; "quiet the dragons of worry and fear" calm, tranquilize, tranquillise, tranquillize, calm down, quiet, quieten, lull lull - calm by deception; "Don't let yourself be lulled into a false state of security" compose - calm (someone, especially oneself); make quiet; "She had to compose herself before she could reply to this terrible insult" appease, assuage, conciliate, gentle, gruntle, lenify, mollify, pacify, placate - cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; "She managed to mollify the angry customer" reassure, assure - cause to feel sure; give reassurance to; "The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe" comfort, console, solace, soothe - give moral or emotional strength to
	2.	still - cause to be quiet or not talk; "Please silence the children in the church!" silence, hush, hush up, quieten, shut up shush - silence (someone) by uttering `shush!' conquer, inhibit, stamp down, suppress, subdue, curb - to put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires" lull, calm down - become quiet or less intensive; "the fighting lulled for a moment" shout down - silence or overwhelm by shouting pipe down, quiesce, quiet, quiet down, quieten, hush - become quiet or quieter; "The audience fell silent when the speaker entered" gag, muzzle - prevent from speaking out; "The press was gagged"
	3.	still - lessen the intensity of or calm; "The news eased my conscience"; "still the fears" allay, ease, relieve comfort, console, solace, soothe - give moral or emotional strength to abreact - discharge bad feelings or tension through verbalization
	4.	still - make motionless alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"
Adj.	1.	still - not in physical motion; "the inertia of an object at rest" motionless, static, inactive nonmoving, unmoving - not in motion
	2.	still - marked by absence of sound; "a silent house"; "soundless footsteps on the grass"; "the night was still" silent, soundless quiet - free of noise or uproar; or making little if any sound; "a quiet audience at the concert"; "the room was dark and quiet"
	3.	still - (of a body of water) free from disturbance by heavy waves; "a ribbon of sand between the angry sea and the placid bay"; "the quiet waters of a lagoon"; "a lake of tranquil blue water reflecting a tranquil blue sky"; "a smooth channel crossing"; "scarcely a ripple on the still water"; "unruffled water" placid, tranquil, unruffled, quiet, smooth calm - (of weather) free from storm or wind; "calm seas"
	4.	still - used of pictures; of a single or static photograph not presented so as to create the illusion of motion; or representing objects not capable of motion; "a still photograph"; "Cezanne's still life of apples" moving - used of a series of photographs presented so as to create the illusion of motion; "Her ambition was to be in moving pictures or `the movies'"
	5.	still - not sparkling; "a still wine"; "still mineral water" noneffervescent effervescent, sparkling - used of wines and waters; charged naturally or artificially with carbon dioxide; "sparkling wines"; "sparkling water"
	6.	still - free from noticeable current; "a still pond"; "still waters run deep" standing - (of fluids) not moving or flowing; "mosquitoes breed in standing water"
Adv.	1.	still - with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation; "it's still warm outside"; "will you still love me when we're old and grey?" no longer, no more - not now; "she is no more"
	2.	still - despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession); "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it"; "while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"; "he was a stern yet fair master"; "granted that it is dangerous, all the same I still want to go" all the same, even so, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, withal, yet
	3.	still - to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons; "looked sick and felt even worse"; "an even (or still) more interesting problem"; "still another problem must be solved"; "a yet sadder tale" even, yet
	4.	still - without moving or making a sound; "he sat still as a statue"; "time stood still"; "they waited stock-still outside the door"; "he couldn't hold still any longer" stock-still

still

adjective

1. motionless, stationary, at rest, calm, smooth, peaceful, serene, tranquil, lifeless, placid, undisturbed, inert, restful, unruffled, unstirring He sat very still for several minutes.
motionless moving, active, restless, busy, lively, humming, bustling, turbulent, agitated, astir

2. silent, quiet, hushed, noiseless, stilly (poetic) The night air was very still.
silent noisy

verb

quieten, calm, subdue, settle, quiet, silence, soothe, hush, alleviate, lull, tranquillize Her crying slowly stilled. The people's voice has been stilled.
quieten get louder, increase, get worse

noun

(Poetic) stillness, peace, quiet, silence, hush, tranquillity It was the only noise in the still of the night.
stillness noise, clamour, uproar, hubbub, bustle

adverb

1. continue to, yet, even now, up until now, up to this time I still dream of home.

2. however, but, yet, nevertheless, for all that, notwithstanding Despite the ruling, he was still found guilty. It won't be easy. Still, I'll do my best.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

Translations

Select a language: -----------------------

still¹ (stil) adjective

1. without movement or noise. The city seems very still in the early morning; Please stand/sit/keep/hold still while I brush your hair!; still (= calm) water/weather.

2. (of drinks) not fizzy. still orange juice.

noun

a photograph selected from a cinema film. The magazine contained some stills from the new film.

ˈstillness noun

ˈstillborn adjective

dead when born. a stillborn baby.

still² (stil) adverb

1. up to and including the present time, or the time mentioned previously. Are you still working for the same firm?; By Saturday he had still not / still hadn't replied to my letter.

2. nevertheless; in spite of that. Although the doctor told him to rest, he still went on working; This picture is not valuable – still, I like it.

3. even. He seemed very ill in the afternoon and in the evening looked still worse.

Still →

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

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Mistakes Of Fact and Law

LegalMatch Law Library Managing Editor, Ken LaMance, Attorney at Law

There are two types of mistakes you can make: mistakes of fact and mistakes of law. In most cases, only mistakes of fact can serve as defenses to criminal charges. But, there are a few select situations in which a mistake of law can be a defense.

What Is a Mistake of Fact?

A mistake of fact is just that: a mistake pertaining to some fact. For example, if you are 35 years old but I think you are 34, I have made a mistake of fact. A mistake of fact can serve as a defense.

When Is a Mistake of Fact a Defense?

A mistake of fact is only a defense if it negates a material element of the crime. Every crime has elements that the government must prove in order to convict you. For example, one element of theft is that you must intend to deprive the owner of his/her property permanently. If your mistake of fact makes it such that this or some other element is not present, you have a defense and cannot be convicted.

Not only must you mistake of fact negate an element of the crime, it must also be an honest mistake. In many states, your mistake must also be a reasonable one.

What Is an Example of a Mistake of Fact Defense?

The concept of mistake of fact can be very complicated. Here's an example that may help. Suppose you are working in a library and you brought a laptop with you. When you leave, you take someone else's laptop, honestly believing it is yours. You have made a mistake of fact: you thought the laptop was yours, but it isn't. This mistake negates the intent to the "deprive permanently" element of theft. This mistake also is an honest, reasonable mistake. So, you have a defense to theft charges in this example.

What Is a Mistake of Law?

A mistake of law is where you are mistaken or ignorant about the law. For example, if you believe that you don't have to come to a complete stop at a "Stop" sign when there are no other cars at the intersection, you have made a mistake of law. Whether there are cars or not, you must come to a complete stop. In almost every case, you will not be allowed to argue that you didn't know or misunderstood the law. That is, it won't be a defense.

When Can a Mistake of Law Be a Defense?

There are a few very limited circumstances in which a mistake of law can serve as a defense to criminal charges. The circumstances in which a mistake of law can serve as a defense include:

When the law is not published
When you relied upon a statute that was later overturned or held to be unconstitutional
When you relied upon a judicial decision
When you relied upon an interpretation by an appropriate official

In most states, your reliance on any of the above listed sources must be reasonable. So, if your case is pending appeal, it is not reasonable to rely upon the decision reached so far. Also, it is not a defense to claim that you relied upon an interpretation of the law from your lawyer.

I've Got a Mistake of Fact or Law Issue, Do I Need a Lawyer?

If you are arrested or facing criminal charges, you should consult a lawyer as soon as possible. An experienced criminal defense lawyer can advise you of your rights and defenses. The distinction between mistake of law and mistakes of fact is very fuzzy and it can be easy to confuse the two. A lawyer with experience in criminal law can help clarify the issue and help determine if you have a defense available.

Consult a Lawyer - Present Your Case Now!
Last Modified: 07-07-2011 02:50 PM PDT

FIND THE RIGHT

Common Law Mens Rea

Terms:

Mens Rea:
The state of mind that the prosecution, to secure a conviction, must prove that a defendant had when committing a crime.

Intent:The state of mind accompanying an act.

Recklessness:
Conduct whereby the actor does not desire harmful consequences but nonetheless foresees the substantial possibility for harmful consequences and consciously assumes the risk of such consequences.

Criminal Negligence:Gross negligence so extreme that it is punishable as a crime.

Mens rea, or "guilty" intent, deals with what the defendant needs to have been thinking at the time he or she committed the actus reus for criminal liability to attach. In order to be guilty of most crimes, the defendant must have had the mens rea required for the crime he was committing at the time he committed the criminal act. As with the actus reus, there is no single mens rea that is required for all crimes. Rather, it will be different for each specific crime.

Please note that the mens rea is not the same thing as motive. The mens rea refers to the intent with which the defendant acted when committing his criminal act. On the other hand, the motive refers to the reason that the defendant committed his criminal act. For example:

1) Fred and Wilma have been married for twenty years. Recently, Fred has begun to suspect that Wilma is having an affair with Barney. Enraged that his wife might be cheating on him, Fred buys a gun and shoots Wilma to death. In this case, Fred’s criminal act was shooting the gun at Wilma, and his mens rea, his intent, was to kill her. The motive was because he was angry that she might be having an affair.

2) Fred and Wilma have been married for fifty years. Recently, Wilma has been diagnosed with terminal cancer, and while she has no chance of surviving the cancer, she will live out the rest of her days in terrible pain. One day, tired of being in pain, Wilma begs Fred to put her out of her misery. Fred loves Wilma and will do anything for her. So, he gets a gun, says his goodbye, and shoots her. In this case, Fred’s criminal act was shooting the gun at Wilma. His mens rea was to kill her. His motive was to put her out of her misery. Note that even though Fred’s motive here was a “good” one, he can nevertheless be convicted of a homicide.

It is very important to remember that motive is not an element to the crime. Although a prosecutor will almost certainly want to prove that the defendant had a motive for committing the crime in order to strengthen the prosecution's argument that the defendant did commit the crime, proving motive is not essential to proving criminal liability. In fact, if a prosecutor can prove motive and not mens rea, the defendant must be acquitted no matter how bad the motive is. Conversely, as we have seen with the above example, if the prosecution can prove the mens rea along with the actus reus, the defendant will be convicted no matter how good or noble his motive might have been. See State v. Asher, 8 S.W. 177 (Ark. 1888).

Mens rea is traditionally divided into four separate categories: general intent, specific intent, recklessness and criminal negligence. Additionally, certain statutory crimes may require malice or willfulness or other such terms (which have not really been clearly defined) that we will examine shortly.

General Intent

General intent crimes require that the defendant has intended to commit an illegal act. As such, the only state of mind that will suffice for a conviction is an intent to commit the act that constitutes the crime. If this has been established, the defendant can be convicted even if he never intended to violate the law, and even if he did not know that his act was criminal. For example:

The crime "mayhem," which we will discuss in more depth a little bit later in the course, is loosely defined as the intentional disfigurement or maiming of another person. Since mayhem is a general intent crime, all the prosecution has to prove to secure a conviction is that the defendant intentionally committed the act that resulted in the victim’s disfigurement. In such a situation, the defendant will be convicted even if he did not intend to break the law with his actions and even if he did not know that his actions were illegal. Let’s assume that Defendant throws battery acid into Victim’s face and disfigures him. In order to secure a conviction, the prosecution will have to prove that Defendant intentionally threw the acid into Victim’s face. If the prosecution successfully proves this, Defendant can be convicted even if he did not intend to disfigure the victim and even if he did not know that disfiguring somebody was illegal. In other words, Defendant can be convicted for the general intent of throwing the acid in the victim’s face even if he did not have the specific intent of actually disfiguring the victim. For general intent crimes, under which this example fits, we don’t care what the defendant’s specific intent was. As long as the general intent of throwing acid in the victim’s face was there, he can be convicted of mayhem.

Note that with regard to general intent crimes, intent does not have to be specifically proven. This would be a near impossible thing to do since there is no way to allow the jury to see the defendant's thought processes. Rather, intent can be inferred from the commission of the act itself and the surrounding circumstances. In other words, it can be presumed that the defendant intended to commit an act by virtue of the fact that he voluntarily committed it. See State v. Carlson, 93 N.W.2d 354 (Wis. 1958)

Specific Intent

Specific intent crimes require proof of the general intent to commit the illegal acts and proof of intent above and beyond the general intent to commit the illegal acts. In other words, beyond proving that the defendant had the intent to commit the illegal act, the prosecution must prove that the defendant had intent to achieve a specific goal in addition to the intent to commit the illegal acts. For example:

Common law burglary, as we will discuss later in this course, is defined as the breaking and entering of the dwelling of another person at night with the intent to commit a felony therein. If burglary were a general intent crime, all the prosecutor would have to do to secure a conviction would be to prove that the defendant intended to break and enter into someone’s dwelling at night. After that, we would not care what the defendant’s intent was. As long as he satisfied the general intent requirement in that he intended to break into the house, he could be convicted. However, because burglary is a specific intent crime, something more is required, and that is the intent to actually commit a felony once inside the dwelling. If the prosecution could only prove that the defendant intended to break and enter into a dwelling of another and he could prove nothing more, the defendant would have to be acquitted because, above and beyond the prosecution’s requirement to prove the general intent of breaking and entering, the prosecutor must also prove that the defendant had the specific intent to commit a felony once he broke into the house. Because this specific intent is an actual element of the crime, burglary is called a specific intent crime.

Unlike general intent, specific intent cannot be inferred from the commission of the act. Rather, specific proof is required to demonstrate specific intent. See Sullateskee v. State, 428 P.2d 736 (Okla. 1967).

Recklessness and Criminal Negligence

For some crimes, a conviction can be based on a showing of recklessness or criminal negligence. Both of these terms refer to scenarios in which the defendant did not intend to commit the crime but was not careful enough with his or her actions in avoiding the criminal result. In these cases, the defendant can be convicted for an act done without the intent required for specific and general intent crimes, but rather, with a showing that the defendant acted with a gross lack of care. The difference between recklessness and negligence is a matter of degree, with recklessness being the higher level of guilt. Some of the most common examples of crimes that can be committed through recklessness or criminal negligence are involuntary manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide and, as the name implies, reckless endangerment. For example:

(1) One evening, Driver gets wasted at his local bar by drinking seven beers and then gets into his car and drives home. On the way home, Driver, predictably, loses control of his car and runs down a pedestrian, killing him. In many states, Driver has committed involuntary manslaughter. By getting behind the wheel while drunk, Driver exhibited reckless behavior. He can be convicted of reckless homicide despite his lack of intention to kill anyone.

(2) While out on parole, Driver gets back into his car. Having learned his lesson about drunk driving, he is completely sober this time. However, he has not learned his lesson about driving carefully in general. While cruising at 55 miles per hour through a hospital zone (speed limit 15 MPH), he kills another pedestrian. Although Driver's conduct probably does not rise to the level of recklessness, he can still probably be liable for criminally negligent homicide, since it could reasonably be argued that driving at 40 miles per hour above the speed limit constitutes gross negligence.

Certain crimes define the requisite mens rea in terms of “malice” or “willfulness”. However, these terms have no generally agreed upon meaning.

For both the general intent and the specific intent crimes, the United States Constitution mandates that the burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove both the elements of the crime and the intent required by the criminal statute beyond a reasonable doubt. If no intent is spelled out in a criminal statute, the crime is presumed to be a general intent crime.

Strict Liability

Along with the general intent and specific intent crimes is a class of strict liability crimes. Strict liability crimes are the crimes for which a defendant can be convicted even if he did not have any mens rea at all when he was committing the crime. Statutory rape and bigamy are the two popular examples of strict liability crimes. For example:

Fred and Wilma have been married for several years when they mutually decide to file for divorce. Fred hires a divorce attorney and does what he needs to do to legally divorce Wilma. Unfortunately, due to some technical mistakes, the divorce is not valid and, although Fred doesn’t know it, he is still legally married to Wilma. One year later, Fred marries Betty. If Fred lives in a state where bigamy is illegal, he can be prosecuted and convicted for committing the crime, even though he had no criminal intent whatsoever when he married Betty. The fact that bigamy is a strict liability crime means that Fred can be convicted anyway because for strict liability crimes, there is no requirement of a men’s rea.

Typically, whether a crime is strict liability or not will depend on what the legislature intended when they passed the specific criminal statute.

verb (used without object)

to use boastful language; boast: He bragged endlessly about his high score.

verb (used with object)

to boast of: He bragged that he had won.

noun

a boast or vaunt.

a thing to boast of.

a boaster.

an old English card game similar to poker.

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Brag is one of our favorite verbs.

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to bark; yelp.

to introduce subtleties into or argue subtly about.

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adjective

Archaic. unusually fine; first-rate.

Origin:
1350–1400; Middle English brag (noun) ostentation, arrogance, braggen (v.); of obscure origin

Related forms

brag·ging·ly, adverb

brag·less, adjective

out·brag, verb (used with object), out·bragged, out·brag·ging.

o·ver·brag, verb, o·ver·bragged, o·ver·brag·ging.

un·brag·ging, adjective

Synonyms
1. See boast¹.

Antonyms
2. depreciate.

Link To brag

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Related Words for : brag

bragging, crow, crowing, gasconade, line-shooting

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Collins

World English Dictionary

brag (bræɡ)

— vb , brags , bragging , bragged
1.	to speak of (one's own achievements, possessions, etc) arrogantly and boastfully

— n
2.	boastful talk or behaviour, or an instance of this
3.	something boasted of: his brag was his new car
4.	a braggart; boaster
5.	a card game: an old form of poker

[C13: of unknown origin]

'bragger

— n

'bragging

— n , — *adj*

'braggingly

— *adv*

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
Cite This Source

Etymonline

Word Origin & History

brag

mid-14c., braggen, origin obscure, perhaps related to bray of a trumpet. Other sources suggest O.N. bragr"the best, the toast (of anything)," also "poetry."

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